What Is A Pa And What Does It Do?

PA is short for public address system

PA is short for public address system. Put simply, it is a device which electronically amplifies any sound source. Anything from a person giving a speech to a school play to a DJ in a dance hall will need to use a PA. The basic PA is composed of loudspeakers, an amplifier and a mixer. PAs are found anywhere that speech or music needs to be amplified and come in varying degrees of complexity and, therefore, expense. Typically you will find PAs at work at concerts and events, but they are also put to use in schools and businesses for relaying important massages or emergency broadcasts.

Large PAs are typically used when a large area needs to be covered from one source. They are used in sports arenas, large concerts and other outdoor events.

Small PAs are used in most small venues like schools, churches and pubs. They are simple to use and can be attached to a CD player or other device to play music. Pubs that feature regular live music will often have the PA set up near the stage, as a live band requires a PA for correct sound mixing.

The speakers of a PA typically consist of two box speakers mounted on stands so they're head-height. More speakers can be attached to the PA and often this will be the case in music venues, with stacks of speakers on either side of the stage, but in the case of a small event the two speakers are more than adequate.

The PA channels all the sound it receives through the mixing desk. During a concert almost everything is put through the PA, from vocals to drums. Even guitar amplifiers have a microphone near them that's feeding into the PA. All of these channels feeding in and trying to get out the one set of speakers call the need for a technician to run the mixer. Good sound technicians can be worth their weight in gold. If you're hiring a PA from an audio visual specialist, check to see if you'll need a technician for your particular needs. If you're only running one channel at a time - say if you're only using it for a microphone or two - then you won't need a technician.

The PA is an amplifier of sound and as such you will need to be careful with your levels and the positioning of whatever is feeding into it. Always perform a soundcheck with your PA; they can be surprisingly powerful. If a microphone, for instance, strays too close to a speaker it will create feedback - that whiny horrible noise. This is caused by the same sound looping from the microphone, through the PA and speakers, back into the microphone and so on. Feedback during an important speech is a very awkward situation so be sure to position your speakers right.

There's a lot more to amplification that just making something louder. If your event requires amplified sound for anything at all you're going to need an audio visual production.

by: Michael Ward

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