What Is An Embedded System?
The first question that requests to be asked is "What exactly is an embedded system
?" Embedded systems are small, fast, and very powerful tools, gadgets and equipments which have become part of our everyday life. Although embedded systems are generally defined as special-purpose computer-systems designed to perform one or more dedicated functions, usually with real-time constraints, and have computer hardware and software embedded as parts of a complete device or system, they range from simple moveable devices to sophisticated multi-board stationary systems.
In simple way embedded systems is a grouping of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are fraction of a larger system or product, as in the case of an antilock braking system in a car.
Hardware
Core factor of an embedded system tool is the processor or a computational unit. Processors can act as brain of the system. They can be programmed to do execute a task. This can be designed using variety of options. So, Heart of Embedded Systems? Of course it is Microcontroller.
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single incorporated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.
It has range from 8 bit to 32 bit
It is design for standalone operation.
It is includes:
Processing unit
RAM and ROM
I/O
Buses
Peripherals (UART, SPI, I2C, PWM.)
Advantage of microcontroller:
Cost advantage: The biggest advantage of microcontrollers against better microprocessors is that the design and hardware costs are much lesser and can be kept to a minimum. A microcontroller is cheap to replace, while microprocessors are ten times more expensive.
Lesser power usage: Microcontrollers are generally built using a technology known as Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). This technology is a competent fabrication system that uses less power and is more immune to power spikes than other techniques.
Software
If hardware forms the body of the embedded systems, software is a soul of embedded systems. The software lends the functionality to an embedded system. Mixture of languages has emerged as the tasks to be performed by embedded systems like assembly, Embedded C, C++ and Java. It also required compiler to generate Hex or object file i.e. Keil, MPLAB, AVR Studio and Eclipse etc.
Where are Embedded Systems used for?
The uses of embedded systems are virtually limitless, because every day new products are introduced to the markets that utilize embedded system in novel ways. In recent years, hardware such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, and FPGA chips have become much cheaper. So when implementing a new product, it's wiser to just buy the common chip and write your own custom software for it. Producing a custom-made chip to handle a particular task or set of tasks costs far more time and money. Below shown pie chart will tell you the application area of embedded systems
Embedded Systems Application Area
Military and aerospace embedded software applications
Medical electronics technology
Communications applications
Electronics applications and consumer devices
Industrial automation and process control software
Robotics and sensor application
Automotive
by: scientech
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