What Is Diabetic Nephropathy?

Diabetic Nephropathy is the other name of intercapillary glomerulonephritis

. It is the disease where the capillary walls of the kidney are damaged due to prolonged Diabetes. It can be cured if treated at the early stage. But if it is untreated for a long time, then its cause is severe leading to kidney failure.

Brief idea of Diabetic Nephropathy

1. Epidemiology- It is seen in Diabetic patients having Diabetes for more than 15 years. It is seen is 25-35% of the diabetic patients. It is mainly in seen in people who have low blood pressure level. Usually a patient dies within 2-3 years after the origin if the nephritic lesions.

2. Signs and symptoms- It includes nausea, vomiting, weakness, poor appetite, headache, frothing in urine, weight gain, itching and diabetic retinopathy, swelling in feet and legs.

3. Cause- The increased blood glucose level in case of Diabetes damages the blood capillaries of the kidney. This makes the function of the kidney impaired and thus disturbing the filter mechanism of the kidney. It is also increased in case of persons having high cholesterol and blood sugar level.

4. Diagnosis- Diabetic Nephropathy is diagnosed by taking urine samples and measuring the amount of albumin protein in it. In case of the disease, the urine will be seen containing the protein which is not a usual fact in case of normal persons. Diagnosis should be done every year in case Type 1 diabetes.

5. Treatment- First step to treat the disease is to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol level. After that medicines are suggested by the doctor. The drugs available for treating the disease are Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and the Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). The former drug is to lower the proteinuria level and slowly cures the disease. It also protects the renal tubules and helps in renal vasodilatation. The former also performs the same function. But both the drugs when perform together, increases the serum creatinine and reduces the estimated glomerular filtration rate.

6. Complications- Prolonged un-treatment of the disease lead to several complications such as hypertension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycaemia, peritonitis, kidney disease, kidney failure, haemodialysis and infections.

Thus Diabetic Nephropathy is a severe disease seen mostly in diabetic patients. It can be cured if diagnosed earlier. Proper medicines should be given to the patient regularly without any mistake. It is also recommended by the physician to take special care to them and to undergo routine urine test.

by: Rinki Rawat

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