Where To Find The Best Geographic Information Systems

You might not have heard about geographic information systems

, but they have been specifically designed to capture, analyze and store all data pertaining to land surveying, cartography and geography, amongst others. These systems are also used for navigation, urban planning, utility management, photogrammetry, remote sensing and emergency management.

What this system basically does is merge cartographical information in an easy accessible database. This is a reliable source for environmental impact assessments, geographic history, resource and asset management, archaeology, scientific investigation and cartography. This technology saw its infancy in 1854, when an outbreak of cholera in London was traced to its source using this method.

Most often this system is utilized to provide useful information for pinpointing specific locations by cross referencing zip codes, latitude, longitude and elevation information. Infrastructure and geographic information systems like the location of railway lines, roadways or rivers is often recorded and stored on this type of system. This is achievable thanks to the use of vectors and rasters.

A digital representation is created by using a point cloud system. The single unit, or pixel, is arranged to build a representation of a specific area, including the contours and elevations present in the landscape. This is obviously a small scale representation of the original and is merely a collections of rows and columns of information.

Raster bands are added to represent RGB, or red, green and blue coloration. Storage is usually as a . TIF or . JPEG format. Vectors are basically simplified geometric shapes utilized to represent geographical features. In general they consist of points, lines and polygons. Points are simply utilized to note a single point of reference, for example, on an aerial map.

The use of points can also be used to note features in the landscape like wells, monuments or peaks. The polyline is included to show other features in the landscape like rivers, roadways, railway lines and so on. The polyline is also used to measure distance, depicting a scaled down version of the original area.

The polygon is a two-dimensional feature used as a way to denote geographical features found on the earths surface. A polygon would be useful to represent the existence of city or park boundaries, buildings, lakes and so forth. Where the line is utilized to measure distance, the polygon is useful for demarcating perimeters. Contour lines are used to represent elevations in the landscape.

by: Adam Fassle

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