Wooden Carving In India
Wooden Carving in India
Wooden Carving in India
India is known as the land of many Gods and
Goddesses. Indians worship different Gods according to their customs and beliefs. The tradition of worshipping God & Goddesses started way back in Pre-historic times, because of which every region in India had developed their own style of worshipping their respective Gods & Goddesses. With the same the trend of worshiping idols began and people started carving wood or metal as Gods & Goddesses, marked with a distinct type of carving strongly influenced by local traditions with the materials that were locally available. To make a carved sculpture, the artist uses a hammer and chisel to cut away the surplus from a block of wood. In Indian wood carvings, the idols of Gods, Goddesses & demigods are the most preferred themes. In southern parts of India the wooden sculptures & toys are very popular for their intricate carving works & finesse where as in northern India a distinct style of sculpture is found through the furniture from these states that are prominent.
Specialized techniques of carvings are used in variety of ways on wood, amongst which sandalwood carving is considered as one of the most important. Originally, the deities- Shiva usually in the form of
Natraja , Lord Vishnu, Devi, lord Ganesha, Kartikeya and others were created in sandalwood, but now not only idols of Gods or Goddesses but also animals and other related sculptures are done for home decoration.
Throughout the history of Indian art, the wooden carvings done on temples and these decorated with doors, ceilings and various fittings carved in teak and other kind of woods are the well known examples of the historic Indian art. The temple of Somnath from the northwest coast is famous for its beautiful wooden sculpture. The doors of the temple are famous for their magnificence and are highly valued as sacred relics. On the same lines almost all the architecture including a door, column, gallery or even a whole house front is covered with most the intricate design at Bhera in Shahpur. The sculptures at the Great Stupa at Bharhut, in northern India, constructed dating back approximately in the middle of 2nd century BC are the earliest examples of this art. All the figures at Bharhut are like a series in which ancient happenings or small events are depicted in the from of a continuous narration.
Apart from these historical works stated above, the
wooden sculptures found in the following states are also famous.
In Assam, the namghars which are the sacred worship places of people were constructed from wood. Amongst these carvings the presence of animal figures of mythological importance such as half-man & half eagle garuda-the vahana of Lord Vishnu and the loyal Hanuman-the monkey God, magar means crocodile-the vahana of Goddess Ganga, the simha or the lion- the vahana of Devi were widely placed in the wooden sculptures.
The southern states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala & Andhra Pradesh, the architecture is best expressed in the form of rathas, which are like miniature temples on wheels depicting Gods & Goddesses with mythological tales carved on the panels of these rathas. Andhra Pradesh has a tradition of manufacturing woodcarving for religious centres and Tirupathi red wood dolls primarily made for sales to pilgrims. Almost every house in these states have a carved family temple, where these temples employ intricate patterns of designs in the ceilings, pillars or in brackets.
In northern part of India especially in Kashmir, a distinctive tradition of Central Asian designs are found whereby the wooden mosques and palaces maintain the rich tradition of wooden carving & wood turning. In Punjab state, the old havelis and palaces have the traditionally
carved doors & windows . These days the wooden carving tradition is very famous & the former wood inlay technique is specialized only in Hoshiarpur, where the intricate design is primarily based on floral themes. This is because of the continuation of Mughal tradition of decorative designs.
by: here2write
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