X -ray Shielding - Importance And Methods

X-Rays are a kind of electromagnetic radiations

. Their wavelength is shorter than that of UV rays and longer as compared to Gamma rays. These rays are also called as Roentgen radiation. The range of their wavelengths is 0.01 to 10 nanometers and their frequencies are 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz. They are capable of penetrating through solid objects and are commonly used in medical radiography, airport security protocols and crystallography. Since X-Rays are radiations with high energy, they can have serious effects with biological ramifications and hence, X Ray shielding is very necessary.



X-Rays can cause destruction of living tissues along with mutations and afflictions to the DNA. It can cause uncontrolled division of cells that can lead to formation of a carcinogenic tumor. They can have serious ramifications on the childbirth and pregnancy. It can lead to birth defects in an infant causing deformation in his/her body, which would be dangerous for his survival. X-rays can bone marrow and baldness. X Ray shielding can be done by three different methods namely through Tungsten, Lead and concrete out of which Lead is the most efficient and the cheapest. Lead has excellent shielding properties, which can be attributed to its density. Lead sheets with a thickness of 2mm can also be used for this purpose. X-Ray shielded products such as bricks, sheets, syringes and accessories are made from Lead. One can even fix X-Ray shields on wheels and move them wherever he/she needs.



Graded-Z shielding is another method which is a laminate consisting of various materials with several Z values which can bar ionizing radiation. In comparison to single material shields, the same mass of graded-Z material can bring about 60% reduction in electron penetration. It protects from X-Ray afflictions more effectively and it has less amount of mass as compared to shields made from single component shields. Design for this method of X Ray shielding may differ, however usually they go by a higher Z value material to lower ones. The higher Z-layer efficiently scatters away electron and protons as well as absorbs X-Rays. Each sequential layer ingests the X-Ray fluorescence of the earlier component, gradually decreasing the energy to an adequate level.



by: clerkbob

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