subject: LG LW6500 Passive-3D HDTV | New LG LW6500 Passive-3D HDTV [print this page] LG LW6500 Passive-3D HDTV | New LG LW6500 Passive-3D HDTV
Attachment is the emotion that bonds us with people whom we love. When a child is born, his first attachment is with his parents, particularly towards his mother as she is the person who looks after his needs and cares for him. According to John Bowlby, a psychologist who is the pioneer of the attachment theory, attachment is a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings. He concentrated on studying the attachment that children have with their parents or primary caregivers. He found that the form of attachment that the child has with his caregivers stays with him for the entire lifetime and influences his relationship with other people in his life. Secured attachment between parents and children are formed when the child is provided with an environment where he feels protected and cared for. Read more on mental illnesses and personality disorders.
Forms of Attachment
Bowlby's attachment theory was taken a step further by the studies of Mary Ainsworth through her works known as 'Strange Situations'. According to the research conducted by Ainsworth, she developed three forms of attachment, mainly secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment and avoidant-insecure attachment. Another form of attachment was later added by researchers, Main and Solomon which was called the disorganized-insecure attachment. As per Ainsworth's findings, children who develop secured attachment with their parents are those who do not feel threatened or scared when they leave them for a short period of time. These children trust their caregivers and know that they will return to them. This trust is developed by the parents, who give the children reassurance and comfort that they need during the time of distress. When this is not received by the kids, some kind of insecurity develops in the them. One of them is the avoidant attachment where the child avoids his parents because he does not receive the comfort and assurance that he needs. Let us try to know more about the characteristics of avoidant attachment which is also known as anxious avoidant attachment. Read more on avoidant personality disorder.
Avoidant Attachment Disorder in Children
A child is said to develop an avoidant attachment style when the parents or caregivers are not available when the child needs them. This feeling is developed when he feels that his parents are rejecting him. The parents may not do this on purpose, but with the purpose of making the child independent before age. Sometimes, one of the parents may himself or herself be suffering from this problem of insecure attachment, making him/her behave in the same way. For instance, the child is hurt and runs to one of the parents. Rather than assuring him and trying to make him quite, he/she may say that 'you should not cry because you are a big boy' or may be try to scold him by saying that he/she had warned her not to do a particular thing. If such instances happens frequently and the child is punished when he seeks reassurance from his caregivers, the child will realize that he cannot depend on the parents when he is suffering from some discomfort or has any problem. Due to this, he begins to avoid them and ignores them even when he sees them after some time of separation. Children who form avoidant attachment interact with strangers in the same way as they do with their parents. Read more on avoidant personality disorder symptoms.
Avoidant Attachment Disorder in Adults
It is a known fact that whatever we see and experience in our initial years affects our attitude and personality in our adult life. In the same way, a child who forms avoidant attachment in his formative years, carries it with him into his adult life. Though Bowlby and Ainsworth focused on the attachment patterns of children, Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver applied this to adult romantic relationships. According to them, adults who suffer from avoidant attachment disorder face problems in forming intimate or romantic relationships. These people do not think much about emotional bonding and find it difficult to create a trustful relationship with another person. They do not like the feeling of having to depend on others and also the concept of someone else being dependent on them. Most of them do not feel the need to form close and permanent relationships, and hence do not experience any remorse or regret when they have to undergo a relationship breakup. There are high chances that such people may lean towards as well as indulge in casual sex. Another characteristic of an adult who has avoidant attachment disorder is that he will never share his inner feelings, emotions and thoughts with his partners. Also, while in a relationship, they will not be able to support and reassure their partners during trying and stressful situations.Reciprocal inhibition is a term that can be used in the physiological sense as well as the psychological sense. In physiology, specifically linked with muscular movement, reciprocal inhibition indicates the simultaneous contraction and relaxation of opposing muscles. In psychology, reciprocal inhibition is a method used in behavioral therapy to bring about a change in an undesirable response to a stimulus by learning to apply a suitable, incompatible response. To understand both the uses of this term, the following is a detailed explanation.
Reciprocal Inhibition in Physiology
Muscles usually contract in groups when causing movement. These groups work in synergy - one muscle group the agonists, contract (to cause movement) and an opposing muscle group, the antagonists, relax (to come back to the initial position). These muscles are accompanied by other muscles (synergists) that provide support to the movement. For example, flexing your knee makes the hamstring muscles contract, while the quadricep muscles relax to enable the movement. At the same time, your lower gluteal and calf muscles support the hamstrings.
In certain cases however, especially in situations of high intensity motion, reciprocal inhibition can cause a rebound reaction if the opposing muscles contract at the same time. Simultaneous contraction of two muscle groups that are actually supposed to contract and relax, causes a tear in the muscle. This creates what is commonly known as a pulled muscle.
Reciprocal Inhibition Stretching: This is used as a technique to reduce the occurrence of muscle cramps, and improve overall flexibility. It is commonly practiced by sports persons, athletes and persons involved in high intensity fitness training programs. This method of stretching exercises and techniques, involves applying stress to an opposing muscle group. A stretch is more effective if you use a technique that involves lengthening a muscle that is in a relaxed position, as opposed to one in a contracted position. By understanding motions where reciprocal occurs by default, you can use these movements to perform stretches that are more effective. Reciprocal inhibition stretching is often done in pairs with one person applying tension to the muscle group being stretched, in combination of hold-relax and hold-contract stretches.
Reciprocal Inhibition Massage: This is a massage technique used to bring relief to those suffering from cramps or spasms. In this form of massage, pressure is applied to an opposing muscle group to force it to relax. Reciprocal inhibition is a widely used sports massage technique.
Reciprocal Inhibition in Psychology
In psychology, reciprocal inhibition is a form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable response is eliminated or discontinued, by the introduction of another response with which the initial response is incompatible. For example, when a person experiences a panic attack, reciprocal inhibition can be used to practice a relaxation technique such as deep breathing exercise(since anxiety is incompatible with relaxation). It can also indicate repeated exposure to a stimulus that causes an undesirable response, with the aim of attaining a desirable response. For instance, a person who is afraid of the dark will repeatedly be exposed to dark spaces in order to fight the phobia. The reasoning behind this concept is relearning - by repeated exposure to a stimulus, you can 'unlearn' an incorrect or inhibiting response and successfully replace it with a suitable response.
