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Other Multiple Births
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As with twins, the other types of multiple births may or may not be monozygotic. Any combination may occur; e.g., triplets may be derived from a single zygote (MZ triplets); from two zygotes, one of which divided to produce MZ twins while the other developed as a singleton (the three constituting DZ triplets); or from three separate zygotes (trizygotic, or TZ, triplets).
Similarly, quadruplets may originate from one up to four zygotes, and quintuplets may derive from one to five zygotes. After being carefully studied, the Canadian Dionne quintuplets (born in 1934) were shown to be a one-zygote set.
Since the 1960s a substantial increase in the number of births of quintuplets, sextuplets, and even septuplets has occurred; this unprecedented phenomenon stems from use by the female of fertility drugs, which cause the simultaneous ovulation of many eggs, and in vitro fertilization, a procedure in which several fertilized eggs are implanted in a woman at one time.
Because they are often born premature, multiple order babies are at greater risk of infant death and chronic health problems than those who are singletons. The first confirmed birth of octuplets was reported from Mexico City in March 1967; none of the four boys and four girls born prematurely survived more than 14 hours. The first recorded set of nonuplets was born June 13, 1971, when an Australian woman gave birth to five boys and four girls (two boys were stillborn). The remaining seven infants died within a week.
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