Lecturer, Yadavarao Tasgaonkar School of Business Management.
Bhivpuri Road, Karjat, Dist : Raigad.
There are two types of capital ; one is Financial capital and second is Intellectual capital which is also termed as human resources capital. The intellectual capital always belongs or deals with the talent, skills, intelligent of the human. The journey or transformation of this talent, skills or intelligent from developing or under developing country to most developed country is called as Brain Drain'. Human or Intellectual capital always most valuable asset of all the capital. And it has most importance. The flow of doctors, engineers, management consultants, scientists, and the skilled manpower from less developed or under developing country is referred as international flow of human capital or brain drain.
According to B.N. Ghosh and Dr. Mrs. Rama Ghosh there are 4 concepts of brain drain. They are 1. Brain Overflow : This situation takes place where over utilization of brains takes place.2. Brain Export : 3. Brain Migration & Brain Exchange : The exchange of experts, scholars are exchanged from developed country to less or developing countries for mutual benefits. 4. Brain Drain proper : It involves one way permanent migration of skilled people from developing to developed country.
Causes of Brain Drain : Brain drain is the common problems in each every country. As brain drain is unavoidable up to some extent. Therefore it is very important to find out the proper reason behind the brain drain. These reasons are 'Pull' factors and Push' factors. The pull factors are those which pulls the skilled manpower to the developed countries. These are : 1. Better job opportunities.2. Higher pay or wages. 3. Better working conditions. 4. Better Research facilities. 5. Political stability. While on the other hand push factors are those which push the talent, intelligent capital from developing country to developed country. These factors are 1. Low Wages/ Salaries. 2. Lack of Research facilities. 3. Desire for better life. 4. Lack of Freedom.
Impact of Brain Drain : As we have seen earlier the concept and Causes of Brain Drain, it is time to think about the impact of Brain drain. There are mainly 2 impacts of Brain Drain. One is economic factors, which includes 1.The loss of investment in human capital ( Education and Trainning) .2. Loss of potential income from emigrants. 3. Loss of tax revenues from emigrants. 4. Loss of potential savings by emigrants. Beside these economic factors effects, the brain drain has also social effects. These effects are 1. Loss of Research and other innovations by emigrants. 2. Improvement in the technique by the emigrants. 3. External economies of such emigrants.
Remedies to curb the Brain Drain. : As Brain Drain is an unavoidable even to curb the problem of Brain Drain there are some remedies also. As Brain Drain is major and as well as burning issue for now - a - days. It is very important to diagnose very clearly to causes of Brain Drain and to find out the solutions and also try to give better facilities, emoluments and better brains in science, technology, machines, management, agriculture and other discipline.
