subject: Academicians selected the 2005 world's top ten scientific and technological progress [print this page] Academicians selected the 2005 world's top ten scientific and technological progress
1. "Huygens" spacecraft successfully landed on Titan
European Space Agency ground control center on Jan. 15 had been received from the "Huygens" spacecraft through the "Cassini" spacecraft returned signal that the "Huygens" has successfully landing on Titan, and create other celestial bodies, the human probe the most distant landing a new record. "Huygens" No. weight 319 kg, a diameter of about 27 meters, 6 sets of measuring instruments carry on Titan's pressure, temperature, wind speed, atmospheric composition measurements were analyzed. It is reported that Titan's environment and the Earth 4.0 billion years ago, very similar to the high value of scientific exploration.
2. "Deep Impact" program a success
Pacific Time at fifty-two past ten p.m. on the on July 3, after the completion of a series of difficult moves, NASA's "deep impact" finally succeeded in comet impactor hit the comet Tempel 1 nucleus surface, bursting out in space beautiful fireworks, completed man-made spacecraft and the comet's "first intimate contact." Impact the success of that project completely unmanned spacecraft control technology to achieve the desired goals. The crash brought the information may involve the birth of the solar system, the source of the Earth Sheung Shui, and the rise of life on Earth.
3. U.S. researchers have invented a new device to replace transistors
This new device called "crossbar latch", a Hewlett-Packard researchers in quantum research group developed. The new device can provide the necessary signals to restore normal computer and conversion, to replace conventional transistors, and can raise thousands of times the computer's functions. "Crossbar latch" Application of nano-components for the construction of the computer provides a key component.
4. Astronomers first photographed extrasolar planets photo
European astronomers announced that the planet's mass equal to about 5 times the mass of Jupiter. Since March 2005, a number of competing team, announced the success of those extrasolar planets were directly observed. NASA, "Spitzer," Infrared Space Telescope captured the first two extrasolar planets infrared light. German scientists using the "Spitzer," Infrared Space Telescope, the first extrasolar planet to capture the image. European Southern Observatory, said their new observational results for the first time ever photographed pictures of extrasolar planets.
5. Scientists announced the Human Genome "difference map"
"International human genome haplotype map project" started in 2002 by the United States, China, Canada, UK, Japan and Nigeria, scientists completed the six countries. Scientists have collected 269 volunteers of all genomic information and discovered more than 100 million common SNP, calibration of the single-type "modules" in the DNA chain, the "border", and the division of the genome that contains the most common DNA variation 10 regions. In diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cancer and other disease research, scientists can use the "difference map" to patients and healthy people SNP genome-wide comparison, more efficient search for disease-related genetic variations.
6. Australian scientists successfully "freezing" beam a second
Australian National University physicist Jevon? Langdale and colleagues used new optical trap, the first successful a light pulse, "frozen" for almost 1 second, which is 1,000 times the previous best result . Will be "frozen" beam time significantly longer, which means may thus find a practical way to manufacture optical computer or quantum computer using the storage device.
7. U.S. researchers develop high-efficiency fuel cell
Northwestern University researchers have developed a new solid oxide fuel cell, the use of hydrocarbons?? Iso-octane as fuel when the energy conversion efficiency is expected to reach 50%. The new fuel cell, after more tests can be widely used in automobiles, aircraft, and even many families. The researchers developed a model of small fuel cell, fuel, electricity generated by reaction density of 0.6 watts per square centimeter.
8. The French and Swiss scientists to create nano-large-capacity information storage materials
University of Paris VII, France and Switzerland, scientists at the University Polytechnic, minus 143 degrees Celsius in a vacuum state, the cobalt atoms condensed in the gold crystal materials, in which the cobalt surface atoms arranged in a structure according to prior arrangement combination of automatic form an ordered structure system. The researchers of the resultant nano-materials, their structures can break through the information stored in many limits to hard drive storage density further increased, one square centimeter of new materials, information storage capacity has reached 4 trillion bits.
9. U.S. scientists create a "quark-gluon plasma"
U.S. Brookhaven National Laboratory scientists Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to produce a "quark-gluon plasma." This is a new form of matter, has been widespread in parts per million after the birth of the universe within a few seconds. U.S. Energy Secretary Samuel? Bodman said that the result is a physics major historical progress.
10. French scientists first find the control method of single molecule action
French scientists in the world's first successful use of special microscope equipment, a molecule made of various actions. Scientists use a metal probe, stimulate different parts of biphenyl molecules, but also to produce different electronic response. The accuracy can reach 10 picometer (one picometer equivalent to one trillionth of a meter), that is, the size can be accurate to only a single biphenyl molecule 1% range. This new research makes it a simple control from a single molecule, and make it into a molecular "machine."
