subject: On The Large Space Of Design Ideas Smoke - Large Space Building, Fire Research, Smoke Control Design [print this page] In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, a large space such as the continuing mushrooming. Large space includes a large space for commercial buildings? Traffic building? Sports building? View speech construction. These buildings compared with traditional architecture, in terms of scale? Function, or structure? Materials have been greatly improved. However, due to the complexity of large space structures? Personnel density? Ventilation Poor condition of the characteristics of the event of fire, smoke spread quickly, space is bound to reduced visibility caused by personnel turmoil and unrest, leading to huge casualties staff. Data indicate that: nearly 70 ~ 80% of fire personnel casualties were due to suffocation from smoke caused by heart disease or a hot lure for the drug charges, rather than as a result of direct contact with the fire burning, such as the Wenzhou "12 12" large fires killed 21 people, including fire smoke because there are virtually no contact with deadly fire which killed 19 people was smoke smoke, visible smoke control design in the large space to the important role. Therefore, how to reasonably and correctly in the early use of fire smoke Technology The maximum degree of reduction of fire losses and casualties, is currently working in the fire problems to be solved.
One, smoke control design in the large space in the practical application
With the construction technology, construction area is growing, many large space building in the area have more than 10,000 square meters. In many cases, these buildings are involved in operating food and beverage, Clothing And other small pavement, fuel and more mobility density, in the event of fire can easily cause the death of a large number of groups vicious incident injury group. In practical engineering, the majority of provinces and cities the fire department requires the building must be smoke facilities; 2001 revised "architectural design code for fire protection" clause 5.1.3A section required to be fortified underground space smoke shop facilities; in the "civil HVAC Design measures "(second edition), section 4.8, provide for more fuel? Large movement of large construction projects should be designed Smoke Control . Is well known in the fire, the smoke is far greater than the harm to human fire, only smoke exclusion or isolation will be the implementation of fire evacuation and safety, it is necessary to increase the implementation of smoke control design in the large space in the practical application .
The face of large engineering, smoke control design in which the application is essential: First, the roof of the underground plaza additional large skylights, the skylights are equipped with automatic exhaust shutter, in case of fire , smoke exhaust system can automatically prompt emission to the outside; secondly, to design without the top of the open space, open space, the width of a certain extent, inhibit the spread of fire, smoke the same time can play? cooling effect favorable personnel evacuation; once again, to design the smoke staircase; Finally, part of the security partition can not meet the requirements of safe evacuation, and can not increase the smoke staircase, you can smoke by increasing the amount of ways to quickly evacuate personnel exhaustion often by 30m3 / h or 6 times / h for the calculation.
Second, large space in the optimization of smoke control system design concept for large space building, designed smoke control facilities is essential. Smoke is to smoke control in a particular area, to ensure that fire evacuation routes from smoke effects, and high-temperature exhaust gas sucked fires and remove toxic gas, to prevent smoke spread to smoke outside the district, ensure safe evacuation routes and evacuation time.
(A) of the smoke exhaust from facility design ideas into mechanical smoke extraction method and the window can be opened to exhaust the natural way, according to the relevant standard setting range, the program should be designed exhaust note of the following points: 1. stairwell close to the wall, it can be taken through the window or balcony natural draft mode; when located inside should be the first use of strong pressure ventilation or mechanical exhaust decompression chamber set mandatory approach to ensure the stairs smoke can not enter the room; 2. exhaust port area of design. The natural smoke is through the outer walls of windows can be opened directly into the outside and therefore be an effective opening area, the current national standard in the quantitative analysis is not an area the size of the window, window exhaust the literature that The window area of not less than 15% of the projected area of the ground, and should be able to automatic? manually open; 3. Fire Damper Design.
