subject: Biopesticides Are Part Of The Answer To The Need For Creative Solutions For Sustainable Agriculture. [print this page] Consumer pressure through retailers for healthier, chemical free food has plainly given a push to researchers and scientists to devise new and more sustainable farming methods.
Financial pressures have also increased on farmers all over the world, whether they are small producers or large agribusinesses, leading to a search for ways to increase their lands productivity.
It has been estimated that up to one third of global agricultural production is destroyed by over 20,000 species of field and storage pests.
Worries about food scarcity add to the mix as the planets population continues to grow.
All this takes place in the context of growing concern about the environment, about the effects via our food of excessive chemical fertiliser use on our own health and on the quality of the land we all depend on.
In a way its irrelevant whether motivator is fear, finance or famine or whether its based on ethics, concern for the planet and for inequalities between peoples.
Its a pity that human nature seems to be such that its only when situations reach near-crisis point that we are prompted to innovation but its also encouraging that once that point has been reached the ingenuity of the human race can, if it tries, come up with solutions.
The result is a greater openness to innovation in the research and development of agricultural products for pest and disease control, yield improvements and sustainable farming.
This has led to a new approach to dealing with pests and diseases which includes biological control, integrated pest management and biotechnology.
The approach stresses a more ecologically aware, whole system approach based on the study of population biology at the local farm level. It involves using a combination of science, renewable technologies such as host-plant resistance and natural biological control, which can be made available to even the most resource-poor farmers.
Take birds, for example. To a flock of hungry birds a ripening cornfield is an all you can eat free buffet. To the farmer theyre freeloaders, literally eating into his profits from the field.
However, another dimension of the whole issue of concern for the environment means we are all more sensitive to animal welfare issues so that much of the UKs wildlife, for example, is now legally protected leaving the farmer to find some humane means of protecting his livelihood from pillage!
Scarecrows dont work all that well these days, birds gradually become immune to bird scarers and plainly guns and poisons wont be acceptable to most people as a humane crop protection measure!!
Heres where innovation comes in someones invented an acoustic hand-held device that works by broadcasting a digitally stored distress call to create a hostile environment in the problem area, which causes the birds to sense danger and fly away. Its apparently near 100%effective.
In the growing emphasis on integrated pest management and a whole-system approach to controlling pests and increasing crop production the new generations of biopesticides currently being developed can therefore also be seen as an innovative new way of providing the agricultural products farmers and growers need for pest and disease control, yield enhancement and preserving their lands quality.
Biopesticides are generally specific to the pest or disease theyre designed to deal with and replace the toxic chemicals used in the past with more sophisticated biologically based agents. They are derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals.
They also remain in the crop and the soil for a shorter time so there is less risk of contamination of subsoil and water and they do not on the whole lead to the development of higher levels of resistance as the previous generation of chemical pest control agents did.
There are obstacles, of course. Theyre expensive to produce and have a smaller market because they are pest and location-specific. There is not yet a globally-agreed system of testing and registration for these new products and they can therefore take up to seven or eight years to come onto the market.
The question is whether we can be equally innovative in removing the obstacles to getting on with a job that is plainly urgent.
