subject: The Rich Architectural History Of Chicago [print this page] Chicago is one of the most vibrant and populous cities in the United Sates, the third most populous in fact. Its rich history and culture make it a travel destination for many tourists and vacationers. Art history enthusiasts are especially drawn to The Windy City because of its magnificent architecture. The architecture of Chicago is world famous for its ground-breaking design and innovative originality.
One the most significant events in Chicago's history is no doubt the primary reason for Chicago's emphasis on architecture. This event was the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The fire began as a small burn on the evening of October 8, 1871 at about 9:00 pm and then spread rapidly through four square miles of the city. The reason for the fire spreading so quickly is attributed to several factors, including too many wood buildings, a drought, strong winds, and errors made by citizens and the fire department.
Although the fire was one of the most devastating incidents in the 19th century, it also sparked the development of Chicago's economy and national importance. Because so much was destroyed by the Great Fire, much had to be rebuilt. For this reason, architecture became a major focus for Chicago. One of Chicago's most significant contributions to world architecture was the skyscraper. The early 1880s saw the beginning of what is known as the Chicago school of architecture. These early pioneers of design came up with steel framed structures fitted with plate glass that were some of the first skyscrapers ever built. One famous example is the Home Insurance Building designed by William LeBaron Jenney in 1885. Previous to this building most modern buildings were built with cast iron frames. The Home Insurance Building is one of the first, if not the first, building to be constructed with steel.
Louis Sullivan was one of the most important of these early architects. Often called the "father of modernism," Sullivan is credited as the creator of the modern skyscraper because of his emphasis of the vertical nature of buildings in his design. Sullivan is also credited as influencing one of the most famous architects of all time, Frank Lloyd Wright, and therefore helping to usher in the Prairie school of design, which Wright is well-known for.
The city of Chicago holds a wealth of architectural marvels. Visitors wishing to view what Chicago's architecture can even take guided walking tours, bus tours, and boat tours that showcase the breathtaking architecture and history of the Windy City.
