subject: Recent research in cure and management of cystic ovaries in cows [print this page] Recent research in cure and management of cystic ovaries in cows
RECENT RESEARCH IN CURE AND MANAGEMENT OF CYSTIC OVARIES IN COWS
by Prof GH.MOHYUDDIN.WANI
Reproductive efficiency in dairy herds increases by inseminating cows as early as possible, to limit post partum interval to 60 days .To achieve higher fertility at first post partum estrus has been reportd (Pursley et al 1997; Stevenson et al 1999).The norms of quality management have been reviewed in dairy cows (Wani,2009,2010) The cows with cystic ovaries gave better results with Ovsvnch (Bartolome et al 2000).
This protocol was improved with GnRH combination (Amer and Mahdi,2008). Cows with ovarian cysts continue to have follicular waves (Yoshioka et al 1996); therefore, the dominant follicle may or may not respond to GnRH treatment (Kesler et al 1981). In the GnRH+Ovsynch protocol was not better than Ovsynch alone (Amer and Mehdi,2008)The ovulation was 57.1% in ovarian follicles other than those ,that were present at the time of GnRH injection. Ovulation of a cystic ovarian follicle in response to GnRH treatment does not usually occur and has not been observed in other investigations (Garverick 1999; Fricke and Wiltbank 1999; Wiltbank et al 2002). However, luteinization of the cystic ovarian follicle following GnRH-treatment has been reported (Garverick 1999; Wiltbank et al 2002; Stevenson et al 2007).
Following GnRH treatment all cows with normal cycles that are treated with the ovsynch protocol responded favourably(Pursley et al 1995, Meyer et al 2007). The effectiveness of the ovsynch and timed artificial insemination protocol has been reported ( Fricke and Wiltbank (1999); Bartolome et al (2000), with pregnancy rates of 26.9% and 23.6% . The cows treated with ovsynch + CIDR and ovsynch alone , at set time A I gave 46.7% and 57.1% pregnancy rates respectively.
The persistence of cystic ovarian follicles for prolonged periods has been recorded (Garverick 1999; Noble et al 2000), and it is highly unlikely that these have any negative influence on a new follicular development or pregnancy establishment(Amer and Mehdi,2011). Cows with cystic ovarian follicles are known to have high plasma LH concentrations (Garverick 1999) and increased LH pulse frequency (Calder et al 1999). Increased LH concentrations favoUr the development and persistence of large ovarian follicles (Taft et al 1996), whereas treatment with exogenous progesterone induces atresia of persistent follicle (Manikkam and Rajamahendran 1997; McDowell et al 1998). The later approach has been used successfully to reduce LH pulse frequency and induce turnover of cystic ovarian follicles in cattle by placing intra vaginal P4-releasing devices for either 9- (Peter 1998; Bicalho et al 2007) or 14- (Todoroki et al 2001) day periods. The cystic ovarian follicles declined in size following insertion of CIDR( Calder et al 1999; Todoroki et al 2001). Associated with the insertion of a CIDR device and GnRH injection were an increase in progesterone and a concomitant decline in circulating estradiol concentrations. After 9 days of the CIDR removal, estradiol concentrations increased rapidly and in schedule-B all cows come into oestrus within 3 days, and 12/14 (85.7%) cows ovulated spontaneously
. The treatment of cystic ovarian follicles must focus on altering the endocrine milieu, such that it allows recruitment of a new follicle (by using GnRH) and induces the turnover of the cystic ovarian follicle (by using a progesterone device), preferably within an ovsynch-type protocol. The importance of ovsynch protocol in the treatment of cystic ovarian follicles is emphasized by the ability of GnRH given after CIDR withdrawal to induce ovulation of a newly recruited follicle in a follicular cystic cow that failed to ovulate spontaneously after CIDR withdrawal in a previous instance.
The observation that 100% of the cystic cows developed a new follicle after GnRH injection, and 46.7% (without CIDR) or 57.1% (with CIDR) of cows conceived, indicating that the cystic ovarian follicles without approach influence the establishment of pregnancy. Conclusions .NEW OVARIAN FOLLICLE CAN BE RECRUITED IN COWS CYSTIC OVARIES .The protocol consists of PGF2 on day 7), The cystic cows administered GnRH (day 0), followed by PGF2 (day 7), +/- CIDR; resulted in the recruitment of a new healthy ovarian follicle.
The majority of the cases developed new follicles either in response to a 2nd GnRH treatment or spontaneously following CIDR withdrawal are ovulated resulting in 46.7% (schedule-A) or 57.1% (schedule-B) pregnancy rates. Thus, the incorporation of an intra vaginal progesterone-releasing device such as CIDR into ovsynch and timed artificial insemination program is recommended to increase the chances to treat the cases of cystic ovaries in dairy cows. 3 Cows with at least one large follicular structure and detectable CL with high progesterone (>1 ng/ml) and low estradiol concentrations were classified as having persistent cyst.
References
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