(1) Bending of the shoulder joint: The upper limbs are extended straight forward
horizontally without raising the trunk in a posterior direction, in a range of about 900 (fig. 2-9).
(2) Extension of the shoulder joint: The upper limbs are bent straight backward in a range of about 350 (fig. 2-10).
(3) Abduction of the shoulder joint: The upper limbs are raised horizontally from the same lateral side and away from the body in a range of about 900 .
(4) Adduction of the shoulder joint: The upper limb is turned back to the same side from lateral upward position or the elbow is turned to the midline in a range of about 900+300.
(5) Eversion of the shoulder joint: The upper arm is rotated laterally in a range of about 450 ..
(6) Intorsion of the shoulder joint: The upper arm is rotated medially in a range of about 800.
(7) Bending of the elbow joint: The forearm is bent toward the upper arm in a range of 1350-1500.
(8) Extension of the elbow joint: The elbow is bent and the forearm is extended in a range of 00 or extended backward in a range within 1O0.
(9) Pronation of the radioulnar joint (pronation of the forearm): The palm is turned from medial position to posterior position in a range of about 900.
(10) A supine position of the radioulnar joint (a supine position of the forearm): The palm is turned from medial position to anterior position in a range of about 900 .
(11) Bending of the radiocarpal joint (bending the wrist): The wrist is bent and the palm is turned near the palmar side of the forearm (bending the palm) in a range of about 600.
(12) Extension of the radiocarpal joint (extension of the wrist): The wrist is turned backward and the dorsum of the hand is turned near the dorsal side of the forearm (dorsal bending position) in a range of 400-750 (fig. 2-20).
(13) Abduction of the radiocarpal joint: The wrist is bent toward the thumb in a range of about 150 (fig. 2-21).
(14) Adduction of the radiocarpal joint: The wrist is turned toward the small finger in a range of about 300 (fig. 2-22).
(15) Bending of the thumb joint: The thumb is bent toward the major thenar eminence. The metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal articulations are bent in a range of about 900.
(16) Extension of the thumb joint: The thumb is extended straight and parallel to the second metacarpal bone.
(17) Abduction of the thumb joint: The thumb is extended straight and away from the second metacarpal bone from adduction position to vertical direction in a range of about 450.
(18) Adduction of the thumb joint: The thumb is extended straight and near the second metacarpal bone from abduction position to vertical direction (fig.2-26).
(19) Palmar opposition of the thumb joints: The thumb is extended straight and bent toward the palmar joints till it touches other fingers (preferably the small finger) in a range of about 450 (fig. 2-27).
(20) Bending the 2nd-5th phalangeal joints: The 2nd-5th phalangeal joints are bent into a fist in a range of about 900.
(21) Extension of the 2nd-5th phalangeal joints: The 2nd-5th phalangeal joints are extended straight or turned backward in a range about 300.
(22) Abduction of the 2nd-5th phalangeal joints: The 2nd-5th phalangeal joints are extended straight, with the middle finger as the center, and forked toward both sides in a range of about 300 (fig. 2-30).
(23) Adduction of the 2nd-5th phalangeai joints: The 2nd-5th phalangeal joints are extended straight, with the middle finger as the center, and ranked together.
TCM therapeutic approaches include acupuncture, acupressure, massage, herbal medicine, Tai Chi and Qi Gong, and cultivating healthy lifestyles and practices.
The practice and its treatments have been around for thousands of years. Observation and testing of TCM treatments and cures show that the techniques are not only effective, but also remarkably safer than Western medical practices. Herbal concoctions, acupuncture, meditation, and Qigong all produce the desired results for many people. They are also safe and natural.
