Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately. This allows the stomach's content to back up (reflux) into the esophagus. It is also called esophageal reflux or reflux espohagitis. Symptoms include heartburn, belching, and regurgitation of food.
Most GERD sufferers have frequent, severe heartburn. This tears down and damages the cell wall lining of the esophagus. Without treatment, GERD can lead to the following conditions: Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous change in the cells lining the esophagus; esophageal cancer; esophageal perforation, or a hole in the esophagus; esophageal ulcers, which damage the lining further; espohagitis, inflammation of the esophagus and / or esophageal stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus that interferes with eating. When deemed necessary, a surgical procedure known as dilation is done to correct esophageal stricture. The surgeon passes a series of dilators down the esophagus. The dilators gently stretch the narrowed opening apart.
Dietary and lifestyle choices may contribute to GERD. Certain foods and beverages, such as chocolate, peppermint, fried or fatty foods, coffee, or alcoholic beverages, may weaken the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and cause reflux and heartburn. Studies show that cigarette smoking relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter. Obesity and pregnancy can also cause GERD. Some doctors believe a Hiatal hernia may weaken the LES and cause reflux.
Decreasing the size of portions at mealtime may help control symptoms. Eating meals at least 2 to 3 hours before bedtime may lessen reflux by allowing the acid in the stomach to decrease and the stomach to empty partially. In addition, being overweight often worsens symptoms. Many overweight people find relief when they lose weight conditions get better.
Reference:
Rice, Jane. (2005). Medical Terminology with Human Anatomy, fifth edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
