subject: How to Apply Stain and Topcoat to Furniture? [print this page] Stain shades vary in appearance on different wood species. Always test stain on wood of the same species as the material with which you are working. When possible, test in the same type of light prevalent where the stained material will be displayed. Colors appear to change when they are exposed to different light sources, based on the spectral colors that make up the light. Yellow is the dominant color in incandescent light (regular light bulbs), and blue-green is dominant in fluorescent light (common in most shops).
Stir the stain according to the manufacturer's instructions. To maintain an even color, stir the stain periodically during application. When finishing large pieces that require more than a single can of stain, mix all the stain together in one container before applying. Mixing the stain in the beginning helps to ensure even color distribution.
Apply the stain with a clean, soft cloth or a soft synthetic bristled brush. Wipe or brush the stain in the same direction as the wood grain.
Allow the stain to penetrate the wood for five to ten minutes. Wipe the excess stain off with a clean, soft cloth. Allow the stain to dry completely. If a darker color is desired, apply a second coat.
After the final coat of stain has dried, rub the material vigorously with a clean, soft cloth. Rubbing helps compress any grain that may have raised during staining and smoothes the surface for the topcoat.
Once you achieve the desired effect with the stain, protect it from scratches and moisture damage with a topcoat of clear, water-based polyurethane.
Stir the polyurethane according to the manufacturer's instructions. Never shake water-base polyurethane.
Apply a thin coat with a synthetic bristled brush.
Allow the polyurethane to dry according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Apply a second light coat and allow it to dry.
Sand the topcoat lightly with 400 or higher grit sandpaper or synthetic steel wool. Remove any sanding dust with a tack cloth.
Brush on another light coat of polyurethane and allow it to dry.
Apply a fourth light coat and allow it to dry.
Polish the surface with paste wax or furniture polish.
