subject: Voices :differencies Between The The Active And The Passive Voice [print this page] These songs created in the Texas plains and mid-west by the cowboys conveyors herds in the nineteenth century. Sung a cappella or supported by a violin (fiddle), harmonica or guitar.
It also speaks of "Work Song", work songs of cowboys and other trades (builders of railroads, farmers, etc ...). These include the song "Mule Train" by Tennessee Ernie Ford "I've Been Working on the Railroad" made famous by The Rooftop Singers.
In this diathesis, the grammatical subject and grammatical object coincide respectively with the semantic roles of operator and subject patient. The active voice is by far the "normal" and most widespread languages in the world to state a verbal action.In inflected languages, the subject is usually in the nominative, the object in the accusative.
It is notable that all languages have no choice between several voices: the passive voice is one option among others to state the verbal action. This is the case in Creole from Guadeloupe, for example, which has only the active (there are a few verbs in the passive sense, as private "be taken" as opposed to pwann "take," but this distinction is lexical and not syntactic: it is not possible to transform any active sentence into passive sentence. So: an ka-lasa pwann biten "I take this thing" biten ~ lasa ka-pri "this thing is taken ' but we can not make the liability statement VWE biten-year ka lasa "I see this thing" because there is no verb "be seen").
In this diathesis, the patient becomes subject grammatical subject. So a thematic inversion of the patient actants.Although less common, the middle voice is a diathesis mostly Indo-European, which has only rarely preserved in the modern languages derived. It indicates that the subject-agent performs the action in its own interest, it is so agent and patient of minutes. Certain uses the middle voice therefore overlap those of the reflexive construction (as I'm washing). It would be wrong to speak of middle voice for the French (especially since the turn pronominal not limited to this diathesis).
The average is found mainly in ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Icelandic (old and modern) and Latin for a small share (the latter has transformed the passive diathesis average). It is significant historically opposed the Indo-European assets on average and did not know the liability, which was a late development, often from the means itself (as in Latin). Thus, in ancient Greek means and liabilities are identical except for two times, future and aorist: this is why we often speak of medio-passive voice. In Sanskrit, liabilities and income are distinguished mainly at present, moreover, is the means used to mean one or the other voice. In Icelandic, finally, the verbs are obtained by means of the suffix-st (recently sk-in Old Icelandic, itself derived from sik, the accusative reflexive pronoun "oneself") and are not inherited from the 'Indo-European. They have many values, including a reflective value (or average), reciprocal, passive, or perfective, among others. You see, called "middle voice" diatheses not necessarily mean values but may borrow from other diatheses.
Furthermore, some verbs of the same Indo-European languages are only coupled through, they are called media-tantum (only average) or deponent (the latter term is especially reserved to Latin and Greek). While there is some media tantum verbs to passive value, in most cases it is average, active or intransitive. Moreover, since in Latin the average diathesis became passive media tantum that have preserved a sense means is particularly notable.We talk about ergativity when in active diathesis, the grammatical subject is the semantic patient is the case of sentences like:
-French: the branch [about patient] has broken;
-English: the branch [subject patient] broke.
This proves that we are dealing with subjects patients is the possibility of changing the verb diathesis without reversing the actants: the branch breaks and the branch is broken are semantically identical (unlike baby baby eats and is eaten). One can get the same kind of constructions with verbs such as hang (the watch hanging from his wrist "=" ... is hanging from her wrist), or plant ("the software still crashes" = "is still ... planted).
In some languages (Caucasian languages, Basque, Inuktitut), the ergativity not limited to a few buildings but an integral part of the system of language.
