subject: Care Taken During Pregnancy [print this page] Pregnancy is also known as gestationPregnancy is also known as gestation. It is carrying the offspring; know as fetus or embryo within the uterus. It occurs as a result of the oocyte (female gamete) merging with the spermatozoon (male gamete). The process is called fertilization or conception.
Pregnancy is typically divided into trimesters which are helpful in describing the changes that take place over time- the first trimester, the second trimester and the third trimester.
The physiological changes in pregnancy occur as the body has to ensure the fetus is provided with nutrients. Levels of progesterone increases which maintains pregnancy by suppressing the menstrual cycle. Prolactin levels increase. The mammary gland structure changes and leads to secretion of milk during lactation. The posture of the body changes as pregnancy progresses. The pelvis tilts and the back arches to keep balance. There is weight gain during pregnancy, blood volume increases by 40%, the heart rate and cardiac output also increases. Blood pressure also fluctuates. There is a decreased functional residual capacity and the respiration rate increases. Gestational diabetes can occur because of maternal insulin resistance and also due to reduction of tubular maximum for glucose.
A balanced, nutritious diet is important during pregnancy. Eating a healthy diet, balancing carbohydrates, fat, and proteins, and eating a variety or fruits and vegetables, usually ensures good nutrition. Those whose diets are affected by health issues, religious requirements, or ethical beliefs may choose to consult a health professional for specific advice. Drugs should be used with great care as some of them can have temporary or permanent effects on the fetus.
