wood drying kiln
wood drying kiln
wood drying kiln
1. A wood drying kiln for drying a charge of lumber, the kiln comprising: a kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving the charge of lumber for drying; a plenum system in communication with the chamber interior space, the plenum system comprising: a lower plenum, and an upper plenum positioned above the lower plenum; a duct system comprising: an upper duct that is connected to and in communication with the upper plenum and is capable of directing heated air to the upper plenum so that the plenum system is capable of supplying heated air to chamber interior space, and a lower duct that is connected to and in communication with the lower plenum and is capable of directing heated air to the lower plenum so that the plenum system is capable of supplying heated air to chamber interior space; and an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space.
2. A kiln according to claim 1, further comprising a furnace capable of providing heated air, wherein the duct system is connected to and in communication with the furnace.
3. A kiln according to claim 1, wherein the plenum system further comprises an intermediate plenum positioned between and in communication with both the upper and lower plenums, wherein the intermediate plenum is capable of receiving heated air from both the upper and lower plenums, and wherein the intermediate plenum comprises outlets that are capable of supplying heated air from the intermediate plenum to the chamber interior space.
4. A kiln according to claim 1, wherein: the kiln chamber comprises: a lower chamber portion defining a lower portion of the chamber interior space that is capable of receiving the charge of lumber for drying, and an upper chamber portion positioned above the lower chamber portion and defining an upper portion of the chamber interior space; the plenum system is at least partially positioned in the upper portion of the chamber interior space; and the air moving device is capable of circulating the heated air supplied to the chamber interior space at least through the lower portion of the chamber interior space.
5. A wood drying kiln for drying a charge of lumber, the kiln comprising: a kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving the charge of lumber for drying; a plenum at least partially positioned in the chamber interior space and comprising: a plurality of outlets in communication with the chamber interior space, and opposite ends, wherein the plenum extends in a longitudinal direction between the ends, opposite longitudinally extending first and second sides that are displaced from one another in a lateral direction that is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of circulation passages that extend generally laterally through the plenum, wherein each circulation passages defines opposite open ends that are open to the chamber interior space and are respectively proximate the laterally opposite sides of the plenum; a furnace capable of providing heated air to the plenum so that the plenum is capable of supplying heated air to the chamber interior space via the outlets; and a plurality of air moving devices capable of circulating the heated air supplied to the chamber interior space to define a recirculating flow path that extends through the circulation passages.
6. A kiln according to claim 5, wherein: the plenum defines an interior space, and each of the circulation passages defines an interior space that is discontiguous with the interior space of the plenum, whereby the circulation passages do not function as outlets from the interior space of the plenum.
7. A kiln according to claim 5, wherein: the kiln chamber comprises: a lower chamber portion defining a lower portion of the chamber interior space that is capable of receiving the charge of lumber for drying, and an upper chamber portion positioned above the lower chamber portion and defining an upper portion of the chamber interior space; the plenum is at least partially positioned in the upper portion of the chamber interior space; and the air moving devices are capable of circulating the heated air supplied to the chamber interior space so that the recirculating flow path also extends through the lower portion of the chamber interior space.
8. A kiln according to claim 5, wherein the plenum further comprises a lower section positioned below the circulation passages and the circulation passages extend generally horizontally so that the flow path extends generally around the lower section.
9. A kiln according to claim 5, wherein the outlets are arranged so that for each circulation passage a first group of the outlets are arranged at least partially around the circulation passage.
10. A wood drying kiln according to claim 9, wherein: each air moving device comprises an impeller positioned in a respective circulation passage of the plurality of circulation passages and each impeller defines a rotational axis; and for each circulation passage a majority of the first group of outlets arranged generally around the circulation passage are nozzles defining discharge axes that are directed at least generally parallel to the rotational axis of the impeller within the circulation passage, whereby mixing of the heated air supplied by the nozzles is promoted.
11. A kiln according to claim 9, wherein: each air moving device comprises an impeller positioned in a respective circulation passage of the plurality of circulation passages and each impeller defines a rotational axis; and for each circulation passage a majority of the first group of outlets arranged generally around the circulation passage are nozzles defining discharge axes that are directed at least partially toward the rotational axis of the impeller within the circulation passage, whereby mixing of the heated air supplied by the nozzles is promoted.
12. A kiln according to claim 9, wherein for each circulation passage the first group of outlets arranged at least partially therearound are mounted to the first longitudinal side of the plenum.
13. A kiln according to claim 12, wherein for each circulation passage a second group of the outlets are mounted to the second longitudinal side of the plenum and are arranged at least partially around the circulation passage.
14. A kiln according to claim 13, wherein: the air moving devices are capable of operating: in a first mode so that the recirculating flow path extends in a first direction through the circulation passages, and in a second mode so that the recirculating flow path extends in a second direction through the circulation passages that is opposite from the first direction; and the kiln further comprises a control system that is operative so that: for each circulation passage the first group of outlets supply heated air from the plenum to the chamber interior space and any amount of heated air supplied from the plenum to the chamber interior space via the second group of outlets is substantially less than the amount of heated air supplied from the plenum to the chamber interior space via the first group of outlets while the air moving devices are operating in the first mode, and for each circulation passage the second group of outlets supply heated air from the plenum to the chamber interior space and any amount of heated air supplied from the plenum to the chamber interior space via the first group of outlets is substantially less than the amount of heated air supplied from the plenum to the chamber interior space via the second group of outlets while the air moving devices are operating in the second mode.
15. A wood drying kiln according to claim 5, wherein each air moving device comprises an impeller positioned in a respective circulation passage of the plurality of circulation passages.
16. A kiln according to claim 15, wherein: each impeller defines a rotational axis and comprises a plurality of blades extending radially away from proximate the rotational axis, and each blade comprises a blade tip that is distant from the rotational axis; each circulation passage comprises an interior surface that extends around the rotational axis of the impeller within the circulation passage; each impeller is capable of being operated to form a flow-induced boundary layer adjacent the interior surface of the circulation passage the impeller is within; and each impeller and the circulation passage the impeller is within are constructed so that the blade tips of the impeller extend at least to the flow-induced boundary layer adjacent the interior surface of the circulation passage while the impeller is operated, whereby bypass flow proximate the blade tips of the impeller is restricted.
17. A kiln according to claim 15, wherein: for each circulation passage the flow-induced boundary layer extends for 360 degrees around the rotational axis extending through the circulation passage; and for each impeller the blade tips remain within the flow-induced boundary layer associated with the impeller as the blade tips rotate 360 degrees around the rotational axis of the impeller.
18. A wood drying kiln for drying a charge of lumber, the kiln comprising: a kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving the charge of lumber for drying; a plurality of air moving devices that are capable of operating in at least first and second modes, wherein: the air moving devices provide a recirculating flow path within the chamber during both the first and second modes, flow along the recirculating flow path travels in a first direction while the air moving devices operate in the first mode, flow along the recirculating flow path travels in a second direction that is opposite from the first direction while the air moving devices operate in the second mode, and each of the air moving devices have opposite first and second sides that are respectively: high and low-pressure sides during the first mode and, low and high-pressure sides during the second mode; a furnace capable of providing heated air; and a communication system operative to provide heated air from the furnace to the high-pressure sides of the air moving devices so that any amount of heated air supplied from the furnace to the low-pressure sides of the air moving devices is substantially less than the amount of heated air supplied from the furnace to the high-pressure sides of the air moving devices during both the first and second modes of operation.
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