All About Titanium

All About Titanium

All About Titanium

Titanium is a strong lightweight metal often used in airplanes. When titanium combines with oxygen, it forms titanium dioxide (TiO2), a brilliant white pigment used in paint, paper, and plastics. Major deposits of titanium minerals are found in Australia, Canada, India, Norway, South Africa, Ukraine, and the United States. The sample in the photo is a mineral collector's specimen of titanite (or sphene). However, it is not typical of the black sands often used to produce titanium metal or TiO2 pigment.

Background

In 1791, the Reverend William Gregor, an English clergyman and mineralogist, reported that he had discovered a magnetic black sand near the beaches of Cornwall, England. The mineral was named menachanite after the local parish of Menaccan. A few years after Gregor's discovery, M.H. Klaproth, a German chemist, separated TiO2 from the mineral rutile. Klaproth named the new element titanium after the giants of Greek mythology. In 1825, J.J. Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, performed a crude separation of titanium metal. However, it was not until 1910 that M.A. Hunter, an American chemist, produced pure titanium. W.J. Kroll patented his method for producing titanium metal in 1938. Coincidently, commercial production of titanium metal and TiO2 pigment began in the 1940s.

Titanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic element. Its atomic number is 22 and its symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in the Earth's crust. It also is found in meteorites, the moon, and the sun.

Titanium metal has a number of useful physical properties. It is very resistant to corrosion. It is hard, has a high melting temperature, and is lightweight. Its strength is similar to steel, but is 45% lighter. Titanium alloys can be twice as strong as aluminum alloys.

Titanium has no known nutritional benefit for animals. It does, however, have some slight benefits for plant health. Titanium has been found to be very compatible with the human body and is often used in surgical instruments and medical implants. Titanium is the only element that will burn in a pure nitrogen atmosphere.

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