All You Need To Know About Ammonium Hydroxide

Ammonium hydroxide is also known as ammonia solution

, ammonia water, ammonia liquor, ammonical liquor, aqueous ammonia, aqua ammonia and ammonium hydrate. It is a clear and colorless aqueous solution consisting Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Oxygen. The compound is denoted with the formula NH4OH. The compound has a strong, pungent and suffocating odor of ammonia. Ammonia liquor is a very abundant compound. The inorganic base is a good source of Nitrogen. It occurs naturally in environment (soil, air and water). It is present in animals, humans and plants. The chemical is also produced inside the human body.

The specific gravity of Ammonium hydroxide is 0.9 at 28% concentration. The pH of the compound is 11.6 (1.0N). Boiling point is 36 degree Celsius and melting point is -72 degree Celsius. The compound gives ammonium ion and hydroxide ion in aqueous solution. Further, the solubility of Ammonia decreases as the temperature of the liquid solvent increases. The density of Ammonia solution decreases with the increase in the concentration of dissolved Ammonia.

Ammonia gas (NH3) is dissolved in water to produce Ammonia hydroxide. Once prepared, the ammonical liquor solutions are very stable. Ammonium hydroxide has a variety of applications. It shows grease fighting abilities. The chemical is widely used as an all purpose cleaner in many residential and industrial sectors. Dilute form of NH4OH is used for household purposes. The inorganic base is also an important component of several other cleaning agents, including window cleaning agents. NH4OH is commonly sold plain, pine scented (green colored) or lemon scented (yellow colored) fragrances. A mixture of soap and ammonical liquor is known as cloudy ammonia. It is important to know that inhaling high levels of ammonia can cause irritation to eyes, mucous membrane and lungs.

Ammonium hydroxide also has industrial applications. It acts as an intermediate in the production of some alkyl amines, amides and ammonia salts. Hexamethylenetetramine is produced by reacting aqueous ammonia and formaldehyde. Further, Ethylenediamine is produced by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane and aqueous ammonia. NH4OH is also used for the production of soaps, detergents, dyes, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, plastics, glass, explosives, inks, rayon and other textiles.

Further, NH4OH is also used in laboratories during the process of qualitative inorganic analysis. It is used as a base and complexant. The compound produces a deep blue color on coming in contact with copper(II) solutions. Mixing dilute hydrogen peroxide with aqueous ammonia in the presence of metal ions, such as copper ions, will result in rapid decomposition of the peroxide. The compound is also used as a refrigerant. Further, ammonium hydrate is also used as a food additive. It helps to maintain an optimum level of acidity in the food.

by: Emma Heuton

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