American Women Inventor

Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977 along

with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally is an American medical physicist. She developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique for measuring substances in the human body found in tiny quantities such as viruses, drugs and hormones. In seventies when men dominated the science field she became the second woman to win the Nobel Prize after Gerty Cori.

The radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique allows those who donate blood to be screened for diseases such as hepatitis or any other hormone related problems and also the presence of any foreign bodies in the blood stream which allows them to detect even some types of cancers. It also allows the doctors to measure dose levels of antibiotics and drugs. Recognized as of the most famous among the American women inventors, she obtained her PhD from University of Illinois in 1945 and also found her life partner Aron Yalow there. She received many awards such as AMA Scientific Achievement Award, Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and National Medal of Science Patty Billings, a sculptor trying to create an adhesive to keep her sculptures firm and steady went on to build a material which was indestructible, fire-proof and non-toxic, called Geobond. Since this was not destructible and also fire proof this soon replaced asbestos. She patented her invention and is continuing to keep it a secret how exactly Geobond is made.

Barbara Askins who began her career as a teacher carried on her studies to get master's degrees in chemistry. While working in NASA, she invented a method to improve the clarity of photographs taken from space. The astronomical and geological photos taken were most often fuzzy and lacked clarity that was required for analysis. Askins' technique used radio active materials to enhance negatives and it became a huge success in NASA. The pictures could be enhanced even after getting it developed with the use of her method. Her invention was also used widely outside NASA to restore old photographs and for improving clarity of the X-rays. She was awarded the Inventor of the year in 1978.

Another great innovative mind comes from Giuliana Tesoro with 125 patents in her name in the field textile chemistry and organic compounds. She obtained her PhD. from the prestigious Yale University in organic chemistry. Among her many inventions, one that stands out is the flame resistant fibers, she developed. She also developed and patented processes to prevent static accumulation in synthetic fibers, found better permanent press properties for textiles and discovered procedures to make manufacturing units work with the peak efficiency.

Stephanie Louise Kwolek is an American chemist originally from Poland who invented an exceptionally strong and firm synthetic material known as Kevlar. It is almost five folds strong than steel and resistant to wear, corrosion and flames. Because of this reason, Kevlar is used highly for making bulletproof vests, helmets, suspension bridge cables and many other things. Kwolek carried on her research to win as a sole owner or co-owner of 17 more US patents.

Kilby Award, National Medal of Technology and 1999 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award are some of the prestigious awards won by her. These American women inventors achieved a lot in their life.

American Women Inventor

By: Woman Entrepreneur

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