Arches In Architecture

Arches have featured in houses, churches and castles for hundreds of years and even stretch as far back as ancient civilisations

. Arches come in many shapes including the Roman semi-circular arch, segmental (less than a half circle) and the pointed Gothic arch. Up until the 19th century the arch was the only known method for roof building and the shape was often mimicked throughout the building in the windows and doors.

The arch was used functionally in ancient Egyptian tombs and Greek constructions but it wasnt until the time of the Etruscans that the arch was used in any kind of monument. The idea of featuring arches decoratively in buildings was later borrowed by the Romans, the Coliseum being a prime example.

The arch continued to feature in Medieval architecture, particularly in cathedrals where they were used to support the immense weight of the stone ceilings and walls that were weakened by numerous windows. Simple stone pillars called buttresses were used to support the arches themselves. It was at this time that the pointed Gothic arch developed.

Around the same time the Islamic arch could be found in the Middle East and this is a feature that has continued to be incorporated into modern day Mosques throughout the world. Muslims also developed a horseshoe shaped arch and stacked arch, where an arch is built above an arch.

Constructing an arch

Traditionally, an arch is constructed around a supporting frame made from wood. Once fitted the materials that make up the arch are fixed in place by compressive forces held in a state of equilibrium. The arch will push outwards at the base so it is also important to provide extra support in the form of heavy sides or angled cuts into bedrock.

When the arch is complete the frame can be removed. This is a tense moment as examples throughout history show that incorrect planning can result in the entire arch crumbling away. Today the use of technology, advances in engineering and new materials means this risk is greatly reduced.

The arch is still a popular style that features in new builds and modified homes. Manufacturers have been able to construct arched windows and doors from composite materials which are robust, weather-resistant, long-lasting and require little maintenance. This means it is now easier than ever to create a Roman or Gothic feel to your property with arched windows or a grand arched entrance.

by: Alan Trotter

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