Biotin Overview
It has been 40years since biotin is found
It has been 40years since biotin is found. Biotin is a necessary nutrient for mammals. Biotin is an ureido ring containing a sulfur atom and a valeric acid side chain. There are eight kinds of isomers as we know. The only naturally occurring is -biotin with biological activity. Biotin as a colorless needle crystal, it is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in cold water and soluble in alcohol. But it is insoluble in organic solvents. It is stable in heat and general cooking losses were incurred. Acids, alkalis, and oxidants will destroy it. Ultraviolet radiation also destroys it gradually. Biotin in the body is stored in the liver. There are low levels of biotin in blood.
Biotin source from food are mainly in the cheese, liver, kidney, soybeans, brown rice, wheat, strawberries, grapefruit, grapes, beer, liver, eggs, lean meat, dairy and so on. Food biotin exists in free form or in the form of protein binding. Biotin binding and protein under the action of the intestinal proteases, the formation of biocytin, and then the role of the intestinal biotin to release free biotin. Biotin absorption of the main part of the proximal small intestine. Low concentrations, the carrier transporter active absorption; high concentrations. By simple diffusion form of absorption. Biotin absorption by the portal minoxidil circulation and transported to the liver, renal storage, other cells also contain biotin, but less. The body's intestinal bacteria can be replaced from the pimelic acid azelaic acid synthesis of biotin, but as a direct source of people biotin is not enough. The human body biotin mainly excreted in the urine, also have biotin excreted in the milk, but a very small number.
The main function of biotin in the decarboxylation from the coenzyme role in the carboxylation reaction and the dehydrogenation reaction, the CO2 transferred from one compound to another compound, so that a compound into another compound. Pharmacological doses of biotin can reduce blood glucose levels of type I diabetes to improve glucose tolerance in rats, reduce insulin resistance. Biotin can also maintain the normal function of various immune cells in experimental animals.
People who like eating raw eggs and drinking coffee needs the supplement of biotin. Antibiotics or sulfa agents at least daily intake of 25g. Sparse hair, male intake of biotin to prevent hair loss effect. During pregnancy, biotin obvious loss supplement should be reasonable under the guidance of the physician. Intestinal bacterial synthesis of biotin, and therefore difficult to accurately determine the requirements for biotin. The adults daily adequate intake is about 30 micrograms. Lactating mothers daily adequate intake is 35 micrograms.
There are no reports of the low toxicity of biotin. Biotin deficiency mainly the majority of mainly skin symptoms, visible hair thinning and dull, dry skin, scaly dermatitis, red skin rash, severe skin rash can be extended to around the eyes, nose and mouth. In addition, the cosmetics material is accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, tongue, papillary atrophy, mucosal grayed out, numbness, depression, fatigue, muscle pain, high cholesterol and abnormal EEG. These symptoms occur in biotin deficiency after 10 weeks.
Biotin may exist with the following roles: to help the fat metabolism and assist in the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates. It promotes the normal operation and growth of the sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair, relieve eczema and dermatitis symptoms. It can prevent from gray hair and hair loss and help treating baldness. It also maintains normal skin function, relieve eczema and skin inflammation. It contributes to some of the biochemical reactions in the body. And can ease muscle pain.
by: anelwew
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