Ccna Courses - Dhcp (dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):

DHCP is a protocol that not only assigns IP address to workstations connected in

a network but also determines whether the IP address is static or dynamic; it also determines the length of the time when an IP address is assigned to a computer or a workstation. This process is used to minimize the configuration tasks within the company.

What is a DHCP server?

DHCP is controlled by a DHCP server which assigns different or unique IP address to the computers on a network. When computers are connected within a network then no two computers on that network can have the same IP address or there will be IP conflicts.

How does a DHCP server work?

In a network DHCP works as manager as it manages a pool of different and unique IP addresses, gateway and DNS details and all the necessary information that is required for the clients network configuration. When ever a new a computer is introduced in a network, it requests for an IP address from the DHCP server, when this request reaches the server it then grants the new computer a unique IP one that has not been assigned to any other computer on that network, server also grants a lease to that computer; lease is the time duration for which that computer can use that assigned IP.

IP address assigning steps:

1) DHCP Lease Request.

2) DHCP Lease Offer.

3) DHCP Lease Selection.

4) DHCP Lease acknowledgment

DHCP IP allocation methods:

Dynamic allocation:

In this type of allocation when an assigned IP address is not being used then its transferred to the pool of IP addresses that DHCP server manages, this way it can be used by any other computer on that network. All the computers will have random IPs but there will always be an optimum usage of IP addresses.

Static allocation:

In this type of allocation the DHCP server manages a database of MAC addresses of all the computers on a network and thus assigning IPs to only those computers whose MAC addresses are in that database, this way each computer will use same IP every time.

Automatic allocation:

Automatic allocation method is very much like dynamic allocation; the only difference is that when ever a client connects again on the network, the DHCP server manages a database of all the IP grants that were used previously, thus providing that client the same IP it used the last time.

by: Joe Spoto

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