Cone crusher can be used in a primary crushing role but are typically seen more often in a secondary or tertiary position. Crushing action is achieved by the eccentric movement of the lower portion of the main shaft. The mantle is connected to this main shaft. The gyrating action of the main shaft causes the gaps between the mantle and liners to change dimension and perform the actual crushing. Here lets start from cone crushers structure. Its necessary to learn a little about cone crusher components.
Cone Crusher Main Shaft: The main shaft is what the mantle is mounted to and is supported by bearings at its base and right below the mantle. It is driven by spiral bevel gears from the counter shaft. It does not rotate; rather it is housed in a frame that does rotate. The bearings in this frame are put off-center, creating the oscillatory motion. Depending on the model the ring gear may be located at the bottom or top of the main shaft.
Cone Crushers Counter Shaft: This shaft transfers rotary motion into the cone crusher. On the exterior end of the shaft is a sheave; on the interior side is a pinion gear that drives the eccentric main shaft housing. These assemblies are often lubricated with a oil bath system with a cooling mechanism.
Cone Crusher Bearings: Main & Counter. These are typically tapered roller bearings in an oil bath lubrication system. The alloys of these can often contain lead due to its effectiveness in lubrication retention.
Cone Crusher Springs: Part of the safety mechanism to prevent damage to a cone crusher during operation are large springs that put downward pressure on the upper frame (the one holding the liners). Should some piece of non-crushable piece of material enter the cone the springs can allow the liner half to rise and prevent damage.
Cone Crushers Protection: Hydraulic Cylinders. Hydraulic cylinders (typically actuated by noble gasses like nitrogen vs. hydraulic oil) can collapse the springs and allow uncrushable material to exit the cone. This can be automatically actuated should the cone stop motion during operation.
Manganese Mantle of Cone Crusher : The mantle is one of the actual crushing surfaces in the cone crusher It is the one that moves in a rotary pattern driven by the counter shaft to crush rock between itself and the immobile liners. The mantle doesn't actually rotate; rather it moves in a circular pattern due to an eccentric lobe on the main shaft.