Crusher, Grinding Machine Used For Coal Washing, Preparation Plant
In the coal preparation and washing plant, coal crusher
, grinding mill, washing machine and gravity separator and flotation cell is used for coal beneficiation and cleaning.
Coal preparation plantRaw coal contains material from "pure" coal to rock with a variety of material in between, with relative densities ranging from 1.30 to 2.5. Coal is cleaned by separating the low density material (saleable product) from the high density material (refuse). The exact density of separation depends on the nature of the coal and the clean coal quality specification. It is impractical to separate fine coal on a density basis and as a result 0.5 mm raw coal is separated by processes using the difference in surface properties of coal and rock. The usual method employed is froth flotation.
Density separation
There are two basic methods employed, one being a system using water, where the movement of the raw coal in water results in the lighter coal having a greater acceleration than the heavier rock. The second method is to immerse the raw coal in a liquid with a density between coal and rock with the result that the coal floats and the rock sinks (dense medium separation).
Coal washing plantDensity separation
There are two basic methods employed, one being a system using water, where the movement of the raw coal in water results in the lighter coal having a greater acceleration than the heavier rock. The second method is to immerse the raw coal in a liquid with a density between coal and rock with the result that the coal floats and the rock sinks (dense medium separation).
The second type of density separation is dense medium. In a heavy liquid (dense medium), particles having a density lower than the liquid (coal) will float and those having a density higher (rock) will sink. The most practical industrial application of a dense medium is a finely ground suspension of magnetite in water. This has many advantages, namely:
" The mixture is benign, as compared to inorganic or organic fluids.
" The density can be rapidly adjusted by varying the magnetite/water ratio.
" The magnetite can be easily recycled by removing it from the product streams with magnetic separators.
There are two classes of dense medium separators, the bath- or vessel-type separator for coarse coal in the range 75 mm 12 mm and the cyclone-type separator cleaning coal in the range 5 mm 0.5 mm.
Froth flotation
Froth flotation is a physio-chemical process that depends upon the selective attachment of air bubbles to coal particle surfaces and the non-attachment of refuse particles. This process involves the use of suitable reagents to establish a hydrophobic (water-repellent) surface on the solids to be floated. Air bubbles are generated within a tank (or cell) and as they rise to the surface the reagent-coated fine coal particles adhere to the bubble, the non-coal refuse remains at the bottom of the cell. The coal bearing froth is removed from the surface by paddles and is then dewatered by filtration or centrifuge. The refuse (or tailings) pass to a discharge box and are usually thickened before being pumped to a tailings impoundment pond.
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