Dimensional Metrology

Dimensional Metrology

Dimensional Metrology

Dimensional metrology is the study of calibration and use of measuring devices in order to calculate the physical size, dimensions, or distances of objects being measured. Inspection and analysis are two of the important steps in dimensional metrology, which are used in both product development and quality check.

The goal of dimensional metrology is to acquire the most accurate measurements possible. Thus, dimensional measurement needs various measuring and quantifying scales and devices in order to accurately determine dimensions. Holographic etalons and laser-equipped measuring devices are among the most accurate dimensional measuring tools to date.

Metrology has been used by mankind unconsciously since the dawn of civilizations. Ancient Egyptians devised pieces of metal measuring the size of their pharaoh's forearm, which is called a cubit. Back then, carpenters and other people on construction sites were among the first people to use dimensional metrology without even knowing it.

To date, modern dimensional measurement devices are invented in order to keep up with the increasing demand of accuracy and precision. Contraptions such as digital hand measuring tools, coordinate measurement machines, and optical comparators are among these modern measuring devices that help achieve the best calculation of dimensions possible. For hand tools used for dimensional measurement, the caliper and the micrometer are the most commonly used tools. Coordinate measurement machines are used to measure and replicate three dimensional objects. Optical comparators, on the other hand, are utilized when touching the object physically is impossible or undesirable.

Optical comparators are now able to render three dimensional models of the scanned parts and internal passages through x-ray ray technology. Moreover, optical three dimensional laser scanners are becoming one of the most common dimensional measurement devices to date. Through a light sensitive device, a digital camera for instance, and a light source, which could be a laser, the principle of triangulation is exploited in order to generate and render three dimensional data, which is then assessed for comparison of the measurements obtained against nominal geometries.

Data is then collated and printed out for further comparison. The printout serves as a blueprint that shows critical features regarding the dimensional measurement of the subject. Usually, these printouts are rendered automatically through computer-aided design software and models.

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