Drops of Quantum Time 3
Drops of Quantum Time 3
Drops of Quantum Time 3
Abstract
This part is a continuation from previous chapter and treats about antinomies that destroy the logic. The uncertainty in physics has modified the point of view of philosophy and other branches of human knowledge.
The Drops of Quantum Time 3
Paradoxes that Undermine the Logic
'A man of Seville is shaved by the Barber of Seville if and only if the man does not shave himself. The Barber of Seville shaves himself ? If he shaves himself, he can not come to be shaved by the Barber of Seville, and therefore he does not shave himself, but if he does not shave himself, it can be shaved by the Barber of Seville, and therefore he shaves himself' (Bertrand Russell, 1872-1970, English mathematician and philosopher).
A philosopher from Crete said: 'All Cretans are liars. `If the philosopher (Crete) was telling the truth, he was lying, because he himself was a Cretan. On the other hand, if he was lying, he was telling the truth (attributed to Paul, the Apostle, 09 AD-64 AD).
'This sentence is false.' If the sentence is true, it is false. If it is false, is true.
Paradoxes of this kind led the young Austro-Hungarian mathematician Kurt Gdel (1906-1978) to cause a hurricane in mathematics due to a proposal made by the great German mathematician David Hilbert (1862-1943), who wanted to formalize all of mathematics. Gdel showed that it was not possible with his famous Incompleteness Theorem. This theorem shows that there are propositions in mathematics that are indemonstrable, which puts a limit to human reason pretentious. Just as someone can not decide if all Cretans are liars, or the Barber of Seville shaves himself, no one can decide whether certain mathematical propositions are true or not. Because there are indemonstrable propositions, a system will never be complete within itself. This theorem has had profound consequences in all areas of human knowledge.
Uncertainty in physics
It is from the creator of quantum mechanics, the German physicist Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901-1976), the Uncertainty Principle. As the incompleteness theorem, this principle overthrows the materialism of Newtonian mechanics in which determinism was enthroned by about three hundred years. The laws of the Universe looked like a software that determine the behavior of Nature in a rigid mechanism similar to a machine that only performs work under the instruction of a pre-formulated program. The relationship between cause and effect had no other way forward than the reductionist program formulated by the famous Newton's laws. The whole was always the sum of its parts. You could divide Nature into parts and study them separately and then infer the behavior of the whole. This program works efficiently still nowadays and is difficult to understand the success of science and our greatest accomplishments (eg, the landing of the man at the Moon), since the intrinsic mechanism of this process is happening in the microworld of matter. It is here that the laws of Newtonian classical mechanics vanishes in front of other phenomena that it does not explain.
The uncertainty principle states an irreducible minimum in those phenomenological cases, below which is the unknowable. He states that one can not simultaneously measure the position and the velocity of a particle with absolute precision. When measuring one these quantities one another seems blurred by quantum uncertainty; this is not due to random or systematic errors, but is intrinsic to Nature itself. This principle also gives utmost importance to observers, because it might ask the question: Why a phenomenon only occurs after an observer records it in mind? This indicates that the observer creates the reality in the process of measurement (This does not mean that things become spooky as some lay people who only heard of quantum mechanics and never saw the sophisticated math used to arrive at apparently contradictory results, and too in this list are some people who want to appear sensational). Quantum mechanics, as Einstein's relativity, had profound implications for human knowledge, including philosophy, and other sciences that seems remote, such as sociology, economics, art, psychology, etc.. The Copenhagen School, created by Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962), one of the fathers of atomic physics, has said that those who think they understand quantum mechanics really not understood it. There are many mysteries inserted in quantum mechanics, and also in relativity.
These uncertainties are not only in the field of elementary particles of the atom. In the macro world we have its complement, the chaos theory. It explains phenomena visible to us as the shapes of clouds and their apparent disorder; the coast-lines with its magnificent recesses; until a hurricane seems to obey an aesthetic pattern although its consequences are disastrous for humans, it is just look at the forms that appear in pictures of weather satellites. These phenomena have a modest beginning but evolve over time and trigger uncontrollable turmoil. It's like the beating of a butterfly's wings in Japan could cause a hurricane in New York. This seems a very appropriate metaphor to give a faint idea of these phenomena.
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