Electric Motors And Its Varieties

Uses of electric motor are quite common today

Uses of electric motor are quite common today. It is used almost everywhere around, including computers used in home, offices and study centers, in which electric motors are used in fans, disk drives, DVD player and CD-ROM player. Apart from this, they are used in ceiling fans, washing machines and many other places, but not common motors are used everywhere. For every application there is certain type of electric motor. It can be broadly classified into three basic types:

AC (Alternate Current) motors: These motors are named so because they run on alternate current. These kinds of motors are further subdivided into two power modes. i.e. single phase and three phase motors. Single phase motors are used for home based application where single phase AC electricity is supplied. Similarly, three phase motors are used for commercial purposes, like in factories and industries where three phase electricity is supplied.

DC (Direct Current) motors: Again DC motors are named after the mode of electric current they use. Some of its examples include, brush motors, brushless motors and stepper motors.

Among all the types brush electric motor is the most commonly used motor for different applications because of the ease it is build up and cost effectiveness. But it too has a drawback and i.e. they use carbon brushes to transfer electric current to the rotating part, these brushes wear after regular use and eventually results into the breakdown of the electric motor.

Brushless mechanism though eliminates the brushes, but this raises its price and need of more complicated drive electronics for its operation.

Stepper motors basically fall into the category of brushless motors which is employed basically in automation system. It is special because this system is specially designed to that enables a computerized control system to step the motor rotation. This mechanism is largely used to execute computer based programmed applications, say robotic arms.

Universal Motors: These motors are likely to have many features common in DC electric motor, especially brush electric motors. Universal motors are also called series-wound motors and are largely used in household appliances particularly in those which run fast for short period of time. For instance, food processors, blenders, vacuum cleaners, etc.

These are not just the only that differentiates electric motor. It also varies on the basis of their speed rating, size and power. Here, speed specifies rotation per minute (RPM) at no load condition. When motor is loaded the speed gets slowed down. Hence, each motor is designed keeping the type of application and weight to be loaded in consideration so that their speed can be set. Similarly, its power is determined by the horsepower it is featured with. Size of the motor on the other hand is chosen as per the type of area, like large motors are used in large scale workshops where heavy work is carried out. Hence, electric motor varies drastically in their ability and mechanism.

by: Harrie Dadhwal

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