For Ex-Smokers Cravings May Never End

For Ex-Smokers Cravings May Never End

For Ex-Smokers Cravings May Never End

A recent study found that smoking craving by watching others smoke cheap cigarettes may actually increase with time, study finds New research suggests that the seductive power of smoking cues does not diminish over time for those who are trying to kick the habit. The finding adds a new challenge to efforts to prevent relapse among those struggling to embark on a tobacco-free lifestyle.

"The main point is pretty straightforward," said study author Gillinder Bedi. "When people are exposed to things that they associate with a drug they use, they often feel an increase in craving." Bedi, who conducted the research while with the department of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience at the University of Chicago, said that the new twist her team discovered is that the impact of such cues apparently does not weaken as the period of abstinence lengthens.

"This means that quitting smokers may find that they are surprised by having a strong craving response when they come into contact with cues related to smoking , even after they have gotten through the initial withdrawal," she noted. To explore the issue of cravings, Bedi and her colleagues focused on 86 healthy male and female smokers who had not yet kicked the habit and weren't trying to do so.

Participants were divided into three groups: one instructed to stop smoking for a week; the second instructed to stop for two weeks; and the third instructed to stop for five weeks. As an incentive, all were paid $30 a day to try to quit. On the last day of each group's abstinence period, each participant was exposed to a series of randomly presented cues designed to be either "neutral" or smoking-related.

A fourth group of smokers -- asked to abstain for the full five weeks -- was also exposed to smoking and neutral cues at one, two and five weeks. Heart rate, blood pressure and salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after all cue exposures.

All participants also completed a questionnaire to gauge their feelings of cravings after all the cues. Bedi and her team found that even though both withdrawal symptoms and independent cravings subsided with abstinence, cravings triggered by exposure to smoking-related cues actually increased the further down the abstinence road a former smoker went. Such cue-induced cravings were found to be more prevalent among the smokers at the five-week abstinence mark than among those asked to stop for just a week. Similarly, those exposed to smoking-related imagery along the way showed more cravings at the five-week point than at the two-week point.

As a result, the researchers suggested that clinicians should consider the possibility that ex-smokers might actually face a more difficult long-term struggle with cravings than previously thought.

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