Genoese fortress in Sudak
Genoese fortress in Sudak
Genoese fortress in Sudak
Sudak a small, but very ancient city. Founded Alans, presumably, in 212. However, there is reason to believe that this place already had a settlement. Despite this long history, attractions in the town there is little, although this disadvantage is more than compensated by the beautiful nature mountains, sea Oh, and strength. She a symbol of Sudak and chief object of pilgrimage tourism. We went to "the assault on" Fortress on the second day of stay in Sudak, but has reached it was already dark. So I then went back once more on the tour. Incidentally, on weekends there passed joust, but go to him we were from the scheduling of breakfast-lunch-dinner and could not. Well, OK ..
So, Genoese fortress in Sudak built it from 1371 to 1469 years, as a stronghold of the colony Soldayya. However, they built it in place already existing Byzantine fortress, which dates back to approximately the end of VII century. And according to legend, recorded in the late spring "Sudak Synaxaria", the first fort was constructed in 212 by Alan, but no archaeological evidence of that date until today was not revealed. One way or another ideal location defensive structures suggests that the building existed there since the founding of the city. In the Middle Ages all who had seized Sudak fortress used as his own and something was finishing work. However, in its complete form it is preserved exactly as the Genoese.
The fortress is situated on an ancient coral reef, which is a conical hill. The mountain has two names: Kyz-Kulla-Burun (krymskotat. "Cape Maiden Tower") or Fortress. About the first name I have more to say. A convenient location of the fortress and powerful fortifications made it almost impregnable: the west fortress is difficult to obtain, from the south and east, it protects the steep walls of the mountain and come down to the sea from the northeast dug a trench.
Nevertheless, the fortress was captured .. but more on that later. One way or another with the advent of gunpowder artillery fortress has lost some of the role of fortification and was just attraction. Unusually attractive.
On the way to the fortress can be seen the hill with three crosses. Do not be surprised, but it's Calvary. The fact that the Sudak fortress was used repeatedly as a colorful character for the film. For example, "Pirates of the XX Century", "Primary Russia", "Socrates." And she Yershalaim at Screening of "The Master and Margarita" by Vladimir Bortko. And the crosses left on the memory. (Incidentally, on this occasion, here an amazing collection of "MiM'ovskih places Petersburg)
Entrance to the fort goes through the main gate. Massive, iron-bound, they were in those days were not opened, and raised. Over the gate is visible to a stone slab with the inscription: "in 1389, the ninth of July, while driving a glorious and powerful husband, Mr. Batista de Zoalo Hon Consul Soldayi. Thanksgiving to God. " By the way, all the signatures on the plates are made on the medieval Latin. Passing through the gate you find yourself in a little "waiting room", followed by another gate, and now you have passed the first tier of defensive fortress.
The area of the fortress for almost 30 hectares. The largest space is located behind the first tier of defense. Now here is empty, but before that rustled the medieval city. If the enemy managed to penetrate almost impregnable defense, the defenders rushed to the walls of the second tier of defense, and he strengthened even better.
Water the main problem of defensive structures. In Sudak fortress was equipped with special tanks to collect water. And there have running water. Water from mountain springs on clay pipes delivered to the castle. The remnants of pipes still protrude from the ground on the slopes of the mountains. According to a legend from one tube to the 70s of last century was still going on pure spring water.
Consular castle with walls and towers form a "consular tier" defense. It is here that sheltered the defenders, if the enemy broke through the first row of the walls. Maintain this defense can be just as long. Well, in the Middle Ages through the wall as they were at home and a small town.
By the way, according to legend, the ghost of the brave consul Christopher di Negro, and not buried according to Christian tradition, still roams at night on consular castle.
For consular Yaros, on top of the cliff is another tower a maiden. She has given the name of the mountain Kyz-Kulla-Burun Cape Maiden Tower ". With it, as usual of legends.
Once upon a time in Greek times, the local ruler of the fortress Archon. And he had a beautiful daughter, beautiful that was not the whole Tauris. The best commander king of Pontus Mithridates Diophantus sought arms of a girl, but she chose a poor shepherd. Archon and did not want to think about this choice of his daughter, because it would have been glad to acquire influential relatives. One told the governor about the secret meetings shepherd and the princess, and an angry father told the shepherd to throw into the well.
Bribing guards, freed the girl, her lover and hid in his room. But the father knew about it and decided to act more cunningly. Archon sent a young man to Miletus (Greek city in modern Turkey), and ordered his servants to kill.
"A year later, the ship will be back, and if your lover you will not change, then you will see a white sign on the mast. I'm not going to resist your happiness. But if he is not worthy of you, the ship shall not be, and you come out of Diophantus ", said archon daughter.
When a year later she was seen, it had no sign. She threw herself into the sea from the tower and broke. Since then, the tower called the Maiden.
Such is the legend. Well, if we return from the world of romance in the real world, that such legends are many castles in the world. And another name for the Maiden's Tower "patrol." And that name is already in talks about its original purpose located on the highest point of land of the mountain she gave an excellent overview on the surrounding area. By the way the tower is not built by the Greeks and the Genoese
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