Gum Disease
Gum disease is usually caused by a buildup of plaque
, an invisible sticky layer of germs that forms naturally on the teeth and gums. Plaque contains bacteria, which produce toxins that irritate and damage the gums.
Causes of Gum Disease:
Gingivitis :
Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal (gum) disease. Gingivitis is often caused by inadequate oral hygiene, which leads to plaque buildup.
The bacteria in dental plaque irritate the gums and cause infection. When your body launches an immune response against these invaders, the gums become inflamed. People with gingivitis usually experience little or no discomfort. Therefore, it is important to recognize the symptoms, such as gums that are red, swollen or bleed easily.
Periodontitis:
When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to "periodontitis" (which means "inflammation around the tooth.") In periodontitis, gums pull away from the teeth and form "pockets" that are infected. The body's immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. Bacterial toxins and the body's enzymes fighting the infection actually start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. If not treated, the bones, gums, and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed. The teeth may finally become loose and have to be removed.
Risk Factors:
Smoking: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors.
Hormonal changes in girls/women. These changes can make gums more sensitive and make it easier for gingivitis to develop.
Diabetes. People with diabetes are at higher risk for developing infections, including periodontal disease.
Stress. Research shows that stress can make it more difficult for our bodies to fight infection, including periodontal disease.
Medications. Some drugs, such as antidepressants and some heart medicines, can affect oral health because they lessen the flow of saliva.
Illnesses. Diseases like cancer or AIDS and their treatments can also affect the health of gums.
Genetic susceptibility. Some people are more prone to severe periodontal disease than others.
Treatment:
The main goal of treatment is to control the infection. The number and types of treatment will vary, depending on the extent of the gum disease.
Non-Surgical Treatments:
After scaling and root planing, many patients do not require any further active treatment, including surgical therapy. However, the majority of patients will require ongoing maintenance therapy to sustain health. Non-surgical therapy does have its limitations, however, and when it does not achieve periodontal health, surgery may be indicated to restore periodontal anatomy damaged by periodontal diseases and to facilitate oral hygiene practices.
Periodontal Surgery:
Periodontal surgery is necessary when your periodontist determines that the tissue around your teeth is unhealthy and cannot be repaired with non-surgical treatment. Following are the four types of surgical treatments most commonly prescribed:
Pocket Reduction Procedures
Regenerative Procedures
Crown Lengthening
Soft Tissue Grafts
Dental Implants:
Dental implant is an artificial tooth root that a periodontist places into your jaw to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Dental implants are an ideal option for people in good general oral health who have lost a tooth or teeth due to periodontal disease, an injury, or some other reason.
Cosmetic Procedures:
Many periodontists also perform cosmetic procedures to enhance your smile
Prevention:
Brush twice a day for at least 3 minutes each time
Always brush with a toothpaste that contains fluoride
Use a toothbrush with soft, polished bristles, as these are less likely to irritate or injure gum tissue.
Eat a healthy diet. Avoid snacks and junk foods packed with sugar that plaque-causing bacteria love to feed on.
Don't smoke Cigarettes and chewing tobacco cause mouth irritation and are very unhealthy for gums and teeth.
Regular dental care is extremely important in helping to keep your mouth healthy.
Gum Disease
By: Dr Hawary
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