How toilets work and faults with them
How toilets work and faults with them
How toilets work and faults with them
When the cistern is flushed by pushing the handle down and releasing, the syphon effect only pulls through the water until air can enter the top of the reservoir around the vertical rod.
Direct action lavatory cisterns are considered more reliable that the older Burlington bell style and can be used for high level, low level and close coupling positions. The cisterns are normally made from either ceramic or plastic.
Flush does not clean pan: Assuming that it's not a particularly dirty pan (sorry!!), the problem is probably one of the following: First of all, check if the cistern is a 'half and full flush' type. If it is, check to see if everybody using it knows how to correctly use it, i.e. hold down the handle for a full flush. Check the water level in the cistern, it should be about 12mm (half inch) below the overflow pipe. The higher it is, the more water will be flushed down the pan and the more chance there is to clean it. Adjust the float as described above for low cistern water levels. Check that the down pipe meets the pan squarely and that it is not obstructed. Check with a spirit level that the rim of the pan is level side to side and back to front. The water in a flushing pan should run equally from around the rim.
Cistern fills very slowly - normally a cistern should fill within 2 minutes. This is a problem associated with the ball valve which fills the cistern with water, possible causes include: If the problem has always existed: The wrong type of valve nozzle is fitted, a mains valve nozzle fitted where the valve is fed from a water tank - most valves are supplied with both nozzles, the appropriate one needs fitting at the time of installation. If the problem is new or has gradually worsened: Low water pressure in the feed pipe - either a valve has not been turned fully on or there is an obstruction in the pipe. The valve itself may have become clogged by scale or muck in the water supply.
Cistern fills very slowly - normally a cistern should fill within 2 minutes. This is a problem associated with the ball valve which fills the cistern with water, possible causes include: If the problem has always existed: The wrong type of valve nozzle is fitted, a mains valve nozzle fitted where the valve is fed from a water tank - most valves are supplied with both nozzles, the appropriate one needs fitting at the time of installation. If the problem is new or has gradually worsened: Low water pressure in the feed pipe - either a valve has not been turned fully on or there is an obstruction in the pipe. The valve itself may have become clogged by scale or muck in the water supply.
The toilet is one of the most important fixtures in your home. Although toilets are sturdy and reliable components of the plumbing system, it's a rare homeowner or apartment-dweller who never has any problems with a toilet. Clogging is perhaps the most common toilet trouble, but it is far from the only one. The tank, for example, can make all sorts of strange noises, or water can run continuously. Fortunately, most toilet troubles can be fixed by a do-it-yourself plumber.
Water comes out of the cistern overflow outlet: This is a problem which can be normally be traced to the ball valve or float which control the water entering the cistern, possible causes include: A worn valve washer not completely shutting off the water supply, most types of washers can be replaced, see this page for replacing washers in slide valves. Incorrectly set water level, the problem will probably have existed since the valve was fitted or last adjusted. The water should be about 12mm (half inch) below the level of the overflow, if it is very near the overflow outlet, the water level can be reduced in a manner similar to adjusting for low cistern water levels as described above but remember that to lower the water level, the float needs to be lowered - flush the cistern after adjusting the float so that the water will fill be the new level. The wrong type of valve nozzle is fitted to the valve if fed direct from the mains. The problem will always have existed since the valve was fitted. If a tank type valve nozzle is fitted instead of a direct mains nozzle (the latter has a smaller hole), the valve may not be completely closing off the water supply. The ball float is restricted in its movement (possibly catching on the side of the cistern or the syphon assembly) thus not closing off the valve properly - ball floats with brass arms can normally be adjusted sideways to clear everything, ones with plastic arms may need reassembly. The ball float is damaged (i.e. leaking) so that it is not riding as high in the water as previous - replacement floats can normally be easily fitted although replacements for non-spherical floats may be harder to find.
The weaknesses of direct action syphon cisterns are: Setting the water level - if it is too low, there won't be sufficient water in the reservoir to start the syphon effect. The linkage to the disc lifting rod can become detached from the handle or chain rocker. The flexible material covering the perforated disc (the flap valve) can become worn - the result is then that water will not be raised to the top of the inverted U when the rod is lifted as water passes back through the worn flap valve and the cistern will fail to flush. The flexible material can however be replaced returning the cistern to 100% efficiency. See this page for how to replace the flap valve.
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