Industrial And Commercial Brackish Ro
Water that contains a certain level of freshwater and seawater blended together is considered brackish water
. This type of water exists around river openings where many industrial and commercial water treatment facilities pull their water from. To purify water for industrial processes and human consumption, reverse osmosis (RO) is used. This process removes many of the following elements from 90 "" 98% (based on the type of membrane, TDS, temperature, and water pressure):
Sodium, Sulfate, Calcium, Potassium, Nitrate, Iron, Zinc, Mercury, Selenium, Phosphate, Lead,
Arsenic, Magnesium, Nickel, Fluoride, Manganese, Cadmium, Barium, Cyanide, Chloride, bacteria,
Pesticides, and inorganic material salts.
The Reverse Osmosis (RO) process forces the water, which contains the elements mentioned above, with adjustable pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. This pressure (Osmotic pressure) forces the brackish water "feed water" through the membrane which allows the very clean water to come through the "product water" side while the foreign matter stays within the RO process on the "feed water" side of the membrane. This process allows the clean water to disperse through the "product water" side.
Membranes are essential and must be able to withhold enough kinetic energy that is generated by the feed-line, able to prevail over the osmotic pressure that is required, and allow the water molecules to pass though the membranes.
To make the best choice of choosing semi-permeable membranes for your brackish reverse osmosis plant, you must educate yourself on the type of water that will be passing through. The basic principles you need to factor "" so that the membranes last as long as possible "" are the following:
Pressure applications, temperature, Feed water salt concentration (brackish), permeate recovery, and pH.
http://www.pure-aqua.com/membranes.html
Pretreatment filtration, such as water softeners, help keep membranes from scaling and chlorine degradation. One type of chemical pretreatment that is utilized is called an anti-scalant which aids in lessening the effects of a process caused by fouling. In some cases, replacing the membranes more often is best if you have a limited water supply or apply the anti-scalant to save more water.
It"s not easy to predict the longevity of a membrane due to the variances of the water, membrane surface, gallons per day, temperature and other variables. Membranes in cleaner water will provide better permeate flows with less rejection but may see more organic fouling. Raising the feed-water temperature can be hazardous because the membranes can become more compressible in warmer water and the result premature foul to the membrane.
The most optimal option would be to have system check-ups and monitor changes in permeate to concentrate rates. This would be the most advantageous way to track the history and plan for filter and membrane change outs on a timely basis.
by: James Armstrong
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