Infinity Bridge - Butterfly Valve Manufacturer - Wafer Butterfly Valve
Design
Design
Initial investigations for the footbridge were done by the White Young Green Group who with English Partnerships produced a brief for an international design competition organised with the RIBA and launched in April 2003. The brief was for a prestigious and iconic landmark footbridge at North Shore Stockton, to cross the River Tees which is 125 m wide at that point.
The successful competition design was by Expedition Engineering and Spence Associates.
The subsequent design was led by Expedition Engineering assisted by Arup Materials, Balfour Beatty Regional Civil Engineering, Black and Veatch, Bridon, Cambridge University, Cleveland Bridge UK, Dorman Long Technology, Flint & Neill, Formfab, GCG, GERB, Imperial College, RWDI, Spence Associates, Speirs & Major, Stainton, and William Cook while White Young Green were project managers.
Description
The bridge is a dual, tied arch bridge or bowstring bridge. It has a pair of continuous, differently-sized structural steel arches with suspended precast concrete decking and one asymmetrically placed river pier. The tapering arches are fabricated from weathering steel plate box sections. The arches bifurcate within the spans to form a double rib over the river pier. A reflex piece between the two arches holds them together making the two arches one continuous curve. No other bridge is known to have quite the same design.
The offset river pier is to accommodate watersports and leisure craft to one side. The river pier is supported by a 11.5 m square by 2.5m thick pile cap on sixteen 1 m diameter hollow steel pipe piles. On the pile cap beneath the water line are four 3m cylindrical concrete legs onto which are bolted and welded the four inclined grey steel legs visible above water. Riprap covers the river bed around the river pier for scour protection although the river at this point is effectively a dammed lake held back by the Tees Barrage. Each of the two concrete riverside piers are supported on four 500 mm hollow steel piles and a pile cap.
Almost all sources state that the bridge decking is 273m long while the information board on the bridge states the decking is 272m. The bridge was originally designed with a northern approach 38 m long and a southern approach of 54 m. The southern approach has a staircase connecting it directly to the river bank. The bridge deck is 5m wide and 4m between its handrails. The main arch of the bridge is 120m long, weighing 300tonnes, 32m tall with its top 40m above the Tees. The short arch is 60m long and 16m tall. The hangers (droppers) are spaced 7.5 m apart and are made from 30mm diameter high strength locked coil steel cable.
Four exposed, high strength post tensioned locked coil steel tie cables run alongside the deck and tie the bases of the arches together, pre-stressing the concrete deck sections. The tie cables are 90 mm diameter on the large arch and 65 mm on the smaller. The aggregate concrete deck sections are 7.5 m long and down to 125 mm thick in places, making it one of the thinnest bridge walking surfaces. The handrails and parapet are stainless steel while the balustrade is made from stainless steel wire. To ensure any bridge oscillation is controlled the deck is fitted to the underside with seven tuned mass dampers - one on the short arch, and six on the larger weighing 5tonnes in all. The mass dampers control horizontal as well as vertical oscillations - a feature only required on very slender bridges. There is provision for the addition of further dampers when the issue of maintenance arises. The clearance (heading) below the decking on the navigable part of the river is 8 m.
English Partnerships appointed Flint & Neill Limited to carry out a category III independent check of the bridge design including loading, wind tunnel testing, and investigation of failure modes, a number of aspects of which fall outside current standards. The bridge has a 120 year design life.
Illumination
A special feature is made of the way the bridge is lit at night. This lighting scheme was designed by Speirs and Major Associates who also designed the lighting for the Burj Al-Arab. At night the bridge handrail and footway are lit with designer blue and white LED lighting built into the handrail that changes colour as users cross. Attached to the steel cable ties are white metal-halide up-lighters to illuminate the white painted bridge arches, and blue LED down-lighters to illuminate the water and ground surfaces immediately below the deck. At night from certain viewing angles when the river surface is flat calm, the twin arches together with their reflection in the river appear as an infinity symbol , and it is this effect that inspired its name.
Construction
The bridge was constructed in 18 months between June 2007 and December 2008 by site constructor Balfour Beatty Regional Civil Engineering and steel fabricator Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company with White Young Green managing the whole project.
At the start of construction a temporary jetty was built on the south bank to enable the building of a cofferdam for the safe construction of the central pier. In April 2008 the supporting legs were added to the central pier. Steel falsework was constructed in the cofferdam by Dorman Long to support the ends of both incomplete arches as they cantilevered over the river during construction. The first steel arch made from four pieces of fabricated steel welded together, was put in place in June 2008 and was later used to stabilise the cantilevering lower portions of the main arch using a strand-jack and tie cable between the top of the small arch and the large arch and then to reduce sway stress during its progressive construction of the large arch.
The final section of the main arch came in four pieces which were welded together on site and on 5 September 2008 all 170 tonnes of it was lifted into place by a 1,500 tonne mobile crane, the largest in the country. The crane, a Gottwald AK680 owned by Sarens UK is based in nearby Middlesbrough. The crane is 80metres (262ft) high with a maximum of 1200 tonnes of superlift, requires 45 transport wagons to move it, and takes three days to set up using a 100 tonne crane.
The concrete deck panels were cast on site using three steel moulds in temporary sheds in a construction compound on the north bank of the river. Using a short temporary jetty on the north bank the deck panels were floated out on a small barge and jacked into position working progressively away from the river pier. The concrete deck sections are held together by steel welds and adhesive.
The footbridge was completed on time and to budget in December 2008 with 530 workers and uses in total some 450 tonnes of Corus steel, 1.5 km of locked coil steel cable, 780 lights, 5,472 bolts and weighs 1040 tons. Almost all materials and components were sourced locally.
Operation
The bridge was officially opened on 14 May 2009 with celebrations organised by Durham-based She's Gott It and opened to the public two days later on Saturday the 16th. It is expected that some four thousand people a day will use the footbridge and this is anticipated to rise as the University develops on the north bank.
Awards
The bridge won the Institution of Structural Engineers' Supreme Award for Structural Excellence 2009, the premier structural engineering award in the UK. The bridge was nominated for several awards but this has not been without its controversy. The other awards the bridge has won include the Green Apple Award for the environment, the ICE Robert Stephenson Award 2009 and the North East Constructing Excellence Awards 'Project of the Year'.
Photo gallery
The smaller south arch
The larger north arch
Central pier and large arch
The central pier
The southern riverside concrete pier with reaction plate viewed from the north side
The south riverside pier and concrete decking
The seven south piers and approaches
The north riverside pier and abutment
An angled hanger, deck support, and tie cables
Tie cable tensioning clamps on the north bank
Infinity Bridge information board
Infinity Bridge from the River Tees Watersports Centre
See also
Nearby
River Tees
Teesdale Way
Teesdale Business Park
Portrack
Stockton-on-Tees
Thornaby on Tees
Tees Valley
Other regional bridge developments
New Wear Bridge
References
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