Instrument's Long History And Its Function And Purpose
The detection instrument is used, measurement
, observation, calculation of various physical, material composition, physical parameters such as appliances or equipment. Vacuum leak detector, pressure gauge, length gauge, Microscope , Multiplier Dengjun is instrumentation. Broadly speaking, instruments can also have automatic control, alarm, signal transmission and data processing functions, such as for industrial process control instruments in the air conditioning, and electric control devices, and instrumentation control systems are Distributed belong instrumentation.
Instrument to improve, expand or supplement the functionality of people. People with a sensory organ to vision, hearing, taste, touch external things, and microscope, Telescope , Sound level meter, pH meter, temperature meter and other instrumentation, can improve and expand the people of these faculties; In addition, some instruments such as magnetometers, radiation counting meter, and so can be measured people's feelings and sense organs can not feel physical quantities; also some instruments may exceed the capacity of people to record, calculate and count, such as high-speed camera, Computer And so on.
Instrumentation development has a long history. According to "Han Fei? A degree," recorded in the Warring States period in China has made the use of natural magnets guide apparatus, called Sinan. Ancient instruments in a very long historical period are mostly used for orientation, timing, or for the use of simple measurement equipment.
17 ~ 18 century, some European physicists started to use the principle of current and magnetic force is made simple galvanometer; the use of optical lenses made of the telescope, laid electrical and Optical Instruments Basis. Other measurement and observation for a variety of instruments have been developed for the gradual.
19 century to the 20th century, the industrial revolution and modern mass production for a New Discipline and Technology Development and later appeared in computer and space technology, instrumentation, and thus rapid growth. Has become modern instrumentation for measurement, control and automation technology tools necessary.
Instrument is the product of a variety of integrated science and technology, variety, using wide and constantly updated, there are several classification methods. According to purpose and use of points, mainly gauge measuring instrument, automobile instrument, tractor meters, instruments for marine, aviation instrumentation, navigation equipment, driving equipment, radio Tester Device, carrier microwave test equipment, test equipment geological exploration, construction materials testing equipment, seismic testing equipment, land surveying instruments, Hydrological instruments, timing devices, test instruments agricultural, commercial test equipment, teaching equipment, medical equipment, environmental protection instruments.
Are mechanical industrial products are industrial instrumentation Automation Instrumentation , Electrical instruments, optical instruments, analytical instruments, laboratory instruments and equipment, material testing machine, dark ocean meteorological instruments, movie machine, photo mechanical, photocopying microfilm machines, instrumentation components, instrumentation, materials, instrumentation, process equipment, etc. 13 class. They are highly versatile, large volume, or instrumentation necessary industrial base.
All kinds of instruments according to different characteristics, such as functions, measurement and control object, structure, principle and so can be further divided into a number of categories or sub categories. Such as industrial automation can be divided by function Detector Tables, display instruments, regulating devices and actuators, etc.; which instrumentation according to the measured physical quantity is divided into temperature measurement, pressure measurement instruments, flow measuring instruments, measuring instruments and machinery Level measurement instrumentation; temperature measurement by measuring method is divided into contact and non-contact Thermometer Thermometer; contact list can be divided into thermoelectric thermometer, expansion type, resistance and so on.
Other types of instruments is roughly similar to the classification method, mainly with the development, usage and related products relating to the classification. Instrumentation in the classification there is no uniform standard, the naming of instruments similar situation exists.
Performance measurement instruments are the main technical indicators of accuracy, sensitivity, response time. Precision instruments that measure and the true value being measured degree of consistency. Precision instrument used to indicate level of accuracy, such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, etc., 0.1 meters, said the total does not exceed 0.1% error range. Accuracy level of the small, indicating instrument system errors and random errors are small, that is such a precision instrument.
Measured the amount of sensitivity that when there is a small increment with the instrument that caused the value of this incremental incremental ratio, which reflects the instrument can measure the smallest being measured; response time is a step input devices volume of the initial value of the output from the first to reach the final stable value of the time interval, the general requirement of 95% to reach stable values of the time when the subject; In addition, repeatability, linearity, hysteresis, dead zone , drift performance specifications.
Scientific and technological advances constantly updated instrumentation forward higher requirements. In modern scientific test, precision test system, production process control systems automatically detect, and a variety of management automation systems, instrumentation are important tools.
To further improve the various performance instrumentation to enhance tolerance to a variety of harsh environment, the ability to use, improve reliability and service life, instrumentation will continue to take advantage of new works and use of new materials and new components. Such as the use of ultrasonic irradiation,-ray, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, laser theory, and the introduction of new types of sensitive semiconductor components, integrated circuits, integrated optics, optical fiber and other components. The aim is to achieve the miniaturization of instrumentation, reduce weight, reduce production costs and ease of use and maintenance.
Another important trend is that through the use of microcomputers to improve the performance of instruments to improve their instrument automation, intelligence, and data processing capabilities. Instruments not only for single-top use, but also through standard interfaces and data access, and computer together to form a variety of test control and management integrated system to meet the higher requirements.
Instrument's Long History And Its Function And Purpose
By: witch
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