Interlingua Machine Translation
Interlingua machine translation is one of the classic approaches to machine translation
. In this approach, the source language, i.e. the text to be translated is transformed into an Interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. The target language is then generated from the Interlingua. Within the rule-based machine translation paradigm, the Interlingua approach is an alternative to the direct approach and the transfer approach.
In the direct approach, words are translated directly without passing through an additional representation. In the transfer approach the source language is transformed into an abstract, less language specific representation. Linguistic rules which are specific to the language pair then transform the source
language representation into an abstract target language representation and from this the target sentence is generated.
The Interlingua approach to machine translation has advantages and disadvantages. The advantage in multilingual machine translations is that no transfer component has to be created for each language pair. The obvious disadvantage is that the definition of an Interlingua is difficult and maybe even impossible for a wider domain. The ideal context for Interlingua machine translation is thus multilingual machine translation in a very specific domain.
In this method of translation, the Interlingua can be thought of as a way of describing the analysis of a text written in a source language such that it is possible to convert its morphological, syntactic, semantic characteristics that is "meaning" into a target language. This Interlingua is able to describe all of the characteristics of all of the language which are to be translated, instead of simply translating from one language to another.
Sometimes two interlinguas are used in translation. It is possible that one of the two covers more of the characteristics of the source language, and the other possesses more of the characteristics of the target language. The translation then proceeds by converting sentences from the first language into sentences closer to the target language through two stages. The system may also be set up such that the second Interlingua uses a more specific vocabulary that is closer, or more aligned with the target language, and this could improve the translation quality.
In Interlingua machine translation systems, there are two monolingual components: the analysis of the source language and the Interlingua, and the generation of the Interlingua and the target language. It is however necessary to distinguish between Interlingua systems using only syntactic methods.
One of the problems of knowledge-based machine
translation systems is that it becomes impossible to create databases for domains larger than very specific areas. Another is that processing these databases is very computationally expensive.
One of the main advantages of this strategy is that it provides an economical way to make multilingual translation systems. With an Interlingua it becomes unnecessary to make a translation pair between each pair of languages in the system.
The main disadvantage of this strategy is the difficulty of creating an adequate Interlingua. It should be both abstract and independent of the source and target languages. The more languages added to the translation system, and the more different they are, the more potent the Interlingua must be in order to express all of the possible translation directions. Another problem is that it is very difficult to extract meaning from the texts in the original languages in order to create the intermediate representation.
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by: carmen
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