Lower blood pressure how to avoid adverse drug reactions?
Lower blood pressure how to avoid adverse drug reactions
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In general, patients with hypertension need to be adjusted in the winter of drugs, very troublesome. Because of the need for life to take antihypertensive drugs, so a lot of antihypertensive drugs in patients with adverse reactions to the existence of numerous concerns. Indeed, antihypertensive drugs on the human body may have different side effects, so patients with both medication according to doctor's advice and pay attention to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.
how to deal with "first-dose medication," a serious response?
Clinical findings with a small number of patients with special physical, in the use of certain antihypertensive drugs, it will happen first-dose reaction. Can cause first-dose response to -blocker antihypertensive drug prazosin, terazosin, etc.; -blockers propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, timolol, etc.; calcium antagonist nifedipine (nifedipine), etc.. When the -adrenergic receptor blockers and -blockers or diuretics (eg hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) in combination more likely. Have seen patients with symptoms of dizziness, palpitations, sweating, weakness, nausea, blurred vision and other symptoms. Patients who have severe reactions can be rapid decline in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, bradycardia, heart failure and other symptoms. If the rescue is not timely, can cause death.
Prevention: the first dose of medication doses should be small, regular doses of 1/4-1/2 for the future according to needs and conditions and then gradually increasing doses. -blockers or diuretics and -blockers combination should pay special attention. The first time, best be applied under medical supervision. Upon the occurrence of first-dose reaction, the patient should be immediately discontinued and bed rest. If the patient's symptoms are not serious, after a period of time can be gradually self-healing, if severe symptoms should be immediately sent to hospital for treatment.
how to respond to antihypertensive drugs on sexual function?
Long-term use, such as diuretic antihypertensive drugs such as hydrochlorothiazide can cause male erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, ejaculation disorder; -blocker antihypertensive drug classes, such as propranolol (Inderal), metoprolol, atenolol , carvedilol and other major impact of sexual desire; calcium antagonist antihypertensive drug classes, such as felodipine, nifedipine, amlodipine to equal decrease was mainly caused by sexual desire, ejaculation disorder; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor antihypertensive drugs such as captopril, enalapril, cilazapril, benazepril, etc. there is no significant effect on sexual function; 1-blocker antihypertensive drug classes, such as prazosin and other barriers to the contrary, an improvement of ejaculation, does not affect the erection and sexual desire; angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), such as losartan, valsartan, irbesartan and so on, in the buck at the same time from the erection, sexual desire, ejaculation three pronged approach to improve sexual dysfunction.
Prevention: try to avoid an impact on sexual function of the antihypertensive drug combination. There have been sexual dysfunction in the elderly, in the absence of contraindications as far as choice of less impact on sexual function or to promote the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonist.
how to deal with because of "over-step-down" and cause a stroke happen?
Excessive blood pressure can cause brain ischemic stroke, especially at night. Common causes of excessive blood pressure medication time, excessive or inappropriate medication.
Prevention: to adjust the dose of antihypertensive drugs should be under the guidance of a doctor and not an unauthorized amount. 9-10 am in vivo blood pressure in general when the first peak in the afternoon 6-8 pm for the second peak is usually the lowest around midnight. Generally sleep during the day than the decline in blood pressure after about 20%. Thus, hypertensive patients should be selected in the morning medication. If you take the short, medium and effective antihypertensive drugs, need to wear two or three times a day, pay attention to is not the best medicine before going to bed. Because the natural decline in blood pressure at night, coupled with the role of drugs will lead to blood pressure dropped significantly. Moreover, the night is slow blood flow, reduced blood flow, blood viscosity increased, cerebrovascular accident prone. However, there are individual patient's blood pressure did not drop at night, or actually increased, so that patients can be at bedtime medication, or use long-acting antihypertensive drugs in order to avoid blood pressure fluctuations.
how to deal with the sudden withdrawal of blood pressure caused by "anti-jump"?
Long-term use in patients with hypertension in some antihypertensive drugs such as clonidine, propranolol, or methyl-dopa and so on, if a sudden withdrawal, blood pressure occurs, "anti-jump" phenomenon, the blood pressure may suddenly rise, or even lead to serious of hypertensive crisis.
Prevention: taking a long time or use of these drugs, even when the basic symptoms of sudden withdrawal can not be brought under control, the need to replace drug withdrawal when a gradual reduction under the guidance of a doctor.
how to deal with "orthostatic hypotension"?
Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden from a supine to upright position, or squatting, or prolonged standing occurs when low blood pressure, also known as orthostatic hypotension. Antihypertensive drugs guanethidine, excellent drop-ning, prazosin, or diuretics, can reduce vascular tone, blood vessels expand, blood pressure decreased, when patients are sudden changes in posture or standing for prolonged periods, it can occur dizziness or immediate hair black, or even syncope, fall to the ground and so on.
Prevention: Patients taking the above-mentioned antihypertensive drugs, we must pay attention to standing or getting up in the preparation of action should be slow, do more minor preparations, which helps to promote venous return to the heart or blood pressure, to avoid postural the occurrence of hypotension.
how to deal with the central nervous system adverse reactions?
Some patients with long-term use of some antihypertensive drugs such as reserpine, clonidine, methyl dopa, propranolol, there may have central nervous system adverse reactions can occur in some patients, sleepiness, weakness, fatigue, insomnia, multi dream, can not concentrate, memory loss, slow performance and so on. At this time, if engaged in driving, high-altitude work or operation of the machine, it may lead to accidents.
Prevention: the impact of the daily symptoms of a serious medical workers should be under the guidance of the replacement of other antihypertensive drugs.
how to deal with the increased asthma symptoms antihypertensive drugs?
Existing asthma patients taking -blocker propranolol, it can aggravate asthma, and even lead to status asthmaticus.
Prevention: There is a history of high blood pressure in patients with asthma disable propranolol, other selective 1 blocker preferably also be used with caution.
how to deal with antihypertensive drug-induced angina pectoris?
A long-time application, such as -receptor blocker propranolol, atenolol and beauty more than peace of mind and so on, can diminish cardiac contractility, coronary perfusion pressure reduction, myocardial oxygen consumption reduced, if the sudden withdrawal can induce angina occurred.
Prevention: Do not abruptly discontinued. Such drugs should be used with caution in patients with coronary heart disease.
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how to deal with hypokalemia caused by adverse reactions, etc.?
Diuretic Hydrochlorothiazide is commonly used today is still the basis of antihypertensive drugs, but the long-term use apt to cause hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, and muscle weakness can also cause high blood sugar, high blood lipids, high ammonia, high uric acid and hypercalcemia.
Prevention: with Paul potassium diuretic aldosterone combination of ammonia in order to avoid hypokalemia. If necessary, need potassium. Medication is best attention to regular monitoring of serum electrolytes. Accompanied by high blood lipids, diabetes, gout, kidney dysfunction, liver cirrhosis and hepatic coma with caution in hypertensive patients with Hydrochlorothiazide.
how to deal with dry cough caused by antihypertensive drugs?
Dry cough is the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, etc. The most common adverse reactions, but generally less serious or persistent symptoms after medication gradually reduce.
Prevention: can tolerate those who do not have withdrawal. Can change the individual can not tolerate angiotensin-receptor antagonist service.
how to deal with leukopenia caused by antihypertensive drugs?
Because angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril many advantages such as antihypertensive drugs, side effects less often doctors as the preferred antihypertensive drugs. However, these drugs is one of the more rare side effect of causing neutropenia, time of occurrence after treatment more in a week to 3 months, multi-diagnosed by a routine blood checks. And severe leukopenia was rapid onset, severe systemic symptoms, followed by a serious infection, his condition deteriorated rapidly, developed sepsis, septicemia, and subsequent shock, coma and even death.
Prevention: Routine medication initially be reviewed on a regular basis to monitor changes in white blood cells. Once the diagnosis of leukopenia should be suspended immediately under the guidance of a doctor suspected of drugs, if necessary, oral lithium carbonate, vitamin B4, shark liver alcohol Leucogen, Leucomax l white blood cells such as drugs, there are signs of infection should be given anti infection in symptomatic treatment.
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