Management of Intracranial Tumors and the Basic Pathogenesis of Hydrocephalus

Management of Intracranial Tumors and the Basic Pathogenesis of Hydrocephalus

Glomus jugulare tumors arise from glomus tissue embedded in the external coat of the jugular vein. These tumors may grow into the jugular foramen leading to pressure effects on the VIII, XII, IX, X and VII cranial nerves. Glomus tumors give to intense pain. Erosion of the jugular foramen can be demonstrated by X-ray.

Carcinomas of the lungs and breast are prone to produce cerebral metastases. Other primaries include carcinomas of the Kidneys and alimentary tract. Acute lymphatic leukemia and to a lesser extent acute myeloid leukemia may produce lesions in the central nervous system. Lymphomas also may produce neurological manifestations by infiltration.

Early diagnosis is very essential. A high index of clinical suspicion is absolutely essential to plan the appropriate investigation. Advent of CT has revolutionized the diagnosis and early detection is possible in the vast majority of cases. Treatment consists of surgical removal wherever possible, radiotherapy or both. Palliative measures include radiotherapy, medical measures to relieve rasied ICT, anticonvulsants, and procedures to relieve obstructive hydrocephalus.

Dilatation of the ventricular system of the brain due to accumulation of CSF is called hydrocephalus.This may be congenital or acquired. If the communication between the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space remains patent, it is called communicating hydrocephalus. If this communication is blocked, it is termed obstructive hydrocephalus. In some cases the hydrocephalus may be normotensive, i.e, the pressure in the ventricular systems may be normal, in others it may be raised. Management of Intracranial Tumors and the Basic Pathogenesis of Hydrocephalus

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