Manufacturing Tin

Tin is a hugely useful metal, and is being increasingly used in a number of key industries

. Perhaps the most useful characteristic of tin is its resistance to corrosion. Tin is also used to coat other metals.

To manufacture Tin a few processes are involved which use raw materials, but the process is similar to the extraction process of iron. Tin can be extracted from many ores that are available in the earth crust, but the easier way is to use cassiterite ore. There are several other materials used in the manufacture of tin - these include limestone, silica, and salt. Carbon can also be used in the form of oil or coal.

Initially the ore is purified to get a higher percentage of tin and this process includes removal of both the physical and chemical impurities. Then the ore is concentrated - in this process several foreign coarser materials are removed by passing the ore through vibrating screens. The ore is passed through certain chemicals to make it more concentrated and the ore ultimately floats to the surface and is collected. The concentrated ore is then treated with magnetic forces to remove iron particles.

The tin is then smelted - this is an important step in the extraction process. In this process the concentrated tin is placed in a furnace along with carbon in the form of coal or fuel oil. If there are excessive impurities then more limestone and sand will be added to react with the impurities to remove them. Then the mixture will be heated to a high temperature in the order of 1400C. At the end of this process crude tin is available.

The crude tin is then agitated with steam and compressed air or poles of green wood. The impurities raise to form scum which is then removed to provide around 99.8% pure Tin. If necessary, a higher level of purity can be achieved by using electrolytic purification.

Manufacturing Tin

By: Claire Jarrett

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