Nursing Research: Focus On The Nuremberg Code
Research opens doors to new knowledge and ideas
. In nursing colleges/schools, this discipline benefits the profession for it paves the way to the improvement of care to the patients. Nursing research is being done to support nursing practice. In addition, it is a systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education, administration, and informatics (Nursing Research: Principles and Methods, Polite and Beck, 2004).
In doing nursing research, there are some things to consider when it comes to the participants of the study under nursing assistant training program. They are not just subjects but human beings that need to be respected. There are ethical considerations that are being observed and one can utilize the Nuremberg Code in doing research to serve as their guide. The Nuremberg code focuses on the principles of informed consent and absence of coercion; properly formulated scientific experimentation; and beneficence towards experiment participants.
Nuremberg Code: (http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg.html)
"Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10", Vol. 2, pp. 181-182. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949.]
1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.
2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.
3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation, and knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study, that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.
4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
5. No experiment should be conducted, where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects.
6. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
7. Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death.
8. The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest
nursing degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
9. During the course of the experiment, the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end, if he has reached the physical or mental state, where continuation of the experiment seemed to him to be impossible.
10. During the course of the experiment, the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him, that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.
It is of primary importance that certain types of experiments on human beings, if applied within reasonably well-defined bounds, conform to the ethics of the health care profession generally. The protagonists of the practice of human experimentation rationalizes their hypothesis on the basis that such experiments produce results for the good of society that cannot be provided by other methods,
nursing assistant examination or means of study. However, the basic parameters should be strictly observed in order to satisfy moral, ethical and legal concepts.
Every human being is created in the image and likeness of God. It is believed that human life is sacred and that each person has inherent dignity that must be respected in society. We know for a fact that every human life is sacred from conception to natural death; that people are more important than things including scientific research; and that the true measure of every endeavor whether it be a medical experiment or not is if it enhances the life and dignity of the human person.
The Nuremberg Code ensures the full protection of the rights of human beings, thus a set of 10 research principles were established that were centered on the research subject. This code will guarantee the rights of each individual for years to come as the guiding principles in the ethics of medical research conducted by nursing colleges/schools in the advancement of science.
by: Corwin Smith
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