Programmable Clock Oscillators Provide The Right Reference Clock, Every Time

A reference clock oscillator in electronics has long been the domain of fixed-frequency devices

. These devices have historically consisted of a quartz crystal, which has been cut and manufactured to operate at a precise, fixed frequency, married to an analog oscillator circuit, which operates at the same fixed frequency and a fixed voltage. The process of manufacturing these fixed-frequency oscillators has been optimized over time, and results in accurate clocking devices that are very inflexible in offering features.

With recent advances in semiconductor-based MEMS technology and analog circuits, these fixed frequency clock oscillator are rapidly being replaced by a programmable clock oscillator. Programmable clock oscillators use a fixed frequency MEMS resonator, married with a programmable analog circuit which can offer a host of features that are not available from fixed-frequency oscillators, such as

1. Any frequency within the operating range, achievable by using a highly accurate Phase Locked Loop (PLL) which can multiply the MEMS resonator frequency up to any desired frequency of operation. The output frequency is accurate up to 6 decimal places of accuracy (1 Hz). This is particularly useful in applications where non-standard frequencies are desired to improve performance and reduce error rates.

2. Ability to operate at any voltage between 2.5V and 3.3V, as well as 1.8V, which are the most common input-output voltages used in electronics.

3. Programmable drive strength control using SoftEdge technology, which allows the user to accurately match the output impedance of the clock oscillator with the trace impedance of the board, and thus reduces reflections. Higher drive strength can also be used for driving multiple loads, while lower drive strength can be used for reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI).

4. Ability to configure the output control pin into Output Enable or Standby

In the case of more-featured oscillators such as Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCXOs) and Voltage-Controlled, Temperature Compensated Oscillators (VC TCXOs), the programmability of the device also allows easy configuration of the pull range.

With such a host of features available from programmable clock oscillators, it is no surprise that the devices are rapidly gaining in popularity and have already replaced a significant number of fixed frequency reference oscillators.

by: brianwarren

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