Rose Madder - Others Manufacturer - Room Humidifier
History
History
Madder has been cultivated as a dyestuff since antiquity in central Asia and Egypt, where it was grown as early as 1500 BC. Cloth dyed with madder root dye was found in the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun and in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Corinth.
The production of a lake pigment from madder was first discovered by the ancient Egyptians. Several techniques and recipes developed but they were relatively weak and extremely fugitive until 1804 when the English dye maker George Field refined the technique of making a lake from madder by treating it with alum and an alkali. The resulting Madder Lake had a less fugitive color and could be used more efficaciously, for example by blending it into a paint. Over the following years, it was found that other metal salts, including those containing iron, tin, and chromium, could be used in place of alum to give madder-based pigments of various other colors.
In 1826, the French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet found that Madder Lake contained two colorants, the red alizarin and the more rapidly fading purpurin. In 1868 the alizarin component became the first natural dye to be synthetically duplicated. Because this synthetic alizarin dye could be produced for a fraction of the cost of the natural madder dye it quickly replaced all madder-based colorants then in use. In turn, alizarin itself has now been largely replaced by the more light-resistant quinacridone pigments originally developed at DuPont in 1958.
Other Names
Color Index name: Natural Red 9 abbreviated NR9.
French name: laque de garance.
Italian name: lacca di robbia.
Rose Madder Genuine is sometimes used to specify a paint derived from the root of the madder plant in the traditional manner. It is still manufactured and used by some but is too fugitive for professional artistic use.
Alizarin Crimson is a paint very similar in color to Rose Madder Genuine but derived from synthetic Alizarin.
Rose Madder Hue is sometimes used to specify a paint made from other pigments but meant to approximate the color of Rose Madder.
Substitutes
As all madder-based pigments are notoriously fugitive, artists have long sought a more permanent and lightfast replacement for Rose Madder and Alizarin. Recommended alternative pigments include:
- Benzamida Carmine (PR176)
- Quinacridone Pyrrolodone
- Pyrrole Rubine (PR264)
- Anthraquinone red (PR177), a chemical cousin of Alizarin
- Quinacridone Violet (PV19), particularly dark and reddish varieties
- Quinacridone Magenta (PR122), for a brighter violet
- Quinacridone Rose (PV19), for a brighter violet
- Perylene Maroon (PR179], for mixing dull violets
References
^ Brian Murphy (), The Root of Wild Madder: Chasing the History, Mystery, and Lore of the Persian Carpet. It includes a section on Rose Madder.
^ a b c d "Red". Color Index Pigment Codes, Color Index Number And Chemical Composition. Artiscreation.com. http://www.artiscreation.com/red.html.
^ a b c d e f g h i j "Red". Technical Information of Red Pigments. Handprint.com. http://handprint.com/HP/WCL/waterfs.html.
^ a b c d "Magenta". Technical Information of Magenta Pigments. Handprint.com. http://handprint.com/HP/WCL/waterc.html.
^ a b c "Reds and Crimsons". Resource Article on Reds and Crimsons. Winsornewton.com. http://www.winsornewton.com/resource-centre/product-articles/article-reds-and-crimsons/.
^ Field's notes are held at the Courtauld Institute of Art. See: http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=4107&inst_id=2 (accessed: 2007/09/05)
^ Winsor & Newton's madder pigment is still made according to his process. See http://www.winsornewton.com/artnews/EN/artnewsletterA4_english03_2002.pdf page 6. (accessed: 2007/09/03). Note that Henry Charles Newton, founder of Winsor Newton, was his assistant and friend.
^ Simon Jennings (2003). Artist's Color Manual. Chronicle Books. ISBN 9780811841436. http://books.google.com/books?id=Yz8q9RV05uYC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%22rose+madder%22+pigment&source=web&ots=wokeMaWHhm&sig=BXOWk9h3KmV0OvK8osJEJIPDHN4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA17,M1.
See also
Alizarin crimson (color)
External links
Paintmaking.com, Red oil paints
Categories: PigmentsHidden categories: WikiProject Color articles needing infobox sources
by: gaga
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