Russian Training Methods in Olympic Weightlifting
Russian Training Methods in Olympic Weightlifting
General Basis of Training
Sport training is a training process in the course of which is developed the purposeful growth of definite motive qualities and functions of the organism of the student.
The influence of physical exercise on the organism of a person is many sided. Physical exercise essentially changes many functions of the organism. Its influence is closely related to the character size and duration of applied training load and also the functional condition of the organism to an optimum training load shows itself in the perfection of different functions and systems.
If we examine sports training from the biological point of view, than by changes of the conditions of the external environment for the organism with the aid of definite exercises of lifting weights, a person manages the development and function of motive qualities and also of various functions and organisms.
Sporting training is organized on the basis of definite rules. It makes use of achievements of various sciences, biology, physiology, medicine, education, biomechanics and various others.
The training load is a definite stimulus for the organism. It is well known from physiology that with the influences on the organism of some irritant, sufficiently strong and intensive, the organism regulates the phases of changes of its functions. This means that as a result of sports training, the metabolism, energy exchange, blood circulation, respiration and other functions are intensified.
After the cessation of training the function of blood circulation, respiration begin to reduce and then to normalize. But the influence of training on the metabolism is continued for a length of time, depending on the volume, intensity and character of the load, from several hours to several days.
The phases of the changes of the functions of the life systems have biological rules. To these rules are subjected every cell, every organ, everything in the whole body. The period of intensive activity must activity must necessarily be replaced by the reduction of functions, by relative rest.
Every organism has definite energy and plastic resources. As a result of this the organism of the sportsmen cannot for a long time remain in the active condition, in which the catabolic process (expenditure) significantly exceeds the anabolic (synthetic).
With the most rational and balanced food for the health of a parson, his digestive system is not in condition to assimilate in a day more than 5000 large calories.
At the same time with the extension of muscular work, the expenditure of energy can significantly exceed this figure. But a person cannot systematically perform work to the cost of more than 4-5000 large calories, when exhaustion sets in.
Restoration of energy resources and structural elements, i.e. cell synthesis, is possible only with the cessation of activity. It must be pointed out that the process of catabolism in a definite degree stimulates anabolic processes.
Correctly structured sporting training reflects the phases of functional change and the peculiarities of the restoration process of the organism of the sportsman.
The development of motive qualities is dependent on the adaptive reactions of the organism in answer to training load. Limit training loads at the beginning will be difficult for the lifter, e.g. a novice, after learning the techniques of the classical lifts, sets to work to train with the aim of developing muscular strength and further perfect technique. Two repetitions with 80 kgms in the snatch (for a best result of 90 kgms) for five sets, will present the greatest difficulty for him. But in the course of time this load becomes lighter for him and in the end, insufficient for warming up. The easier the exercises are performed, i.e. the more perfected the technique and greater the strength of the muscles, the more enduring becomes the organism for a given load. And his vegetative and somatic functions work more coordinately, more precisely. Respiration and blood circulation are adapted by the demands of the organism to the performance of concrete muscular work, i.e. it shown itself in the adaptation of various organs, tissues and their organism to conditions which are created by the coach and lifter in training.
The adaptation of the organism of the lifter to limit training loads is nothing other than the manifestation of training experience. Positive improvement is the growth of training experience. Positive improvement is the growth of training experience connected with the perfected compensatory mechanisms in the organism of the sportsmen, in reply to the training load. Favorable condition are then created for the exceeding of sporting results.
An athletes shows his best sporting achievement in the period known as sporting form. This is characterized by biological adaptive change in the organism of the sportsmen. It is organically related to his physical, psychological will-power and tactical preparation.
It is possible to shown better sporting attainment only in the event that the further growth of motive quality continues, and, above all, the strength of muscles, especially in the classical lifts. The increase of sporting results, as a result, occurs with the perfecting of technical mastery.
Sporting training is based on various general biological and didactic principles. These principles are applicable to the processes of coaching and of training.
Khizer Hayat Raja
Sr. Lecturer in Physical Education & Sports
International Weightlifting Coach & Expert
E mail: wlexpert@yahoo.com
Russian Training Methods in Olympic Weightlifting
By: Khizar Hayat
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