Sartre On Being And Nothingness
Jean Paul Sartre discusses views on libertarianism within "Being and Nothingness"
. Human will is explored as it relates to possibility and choice. Jean Paul Sartre discusses these topics using analogies such as being for itself and being in itself. He also explores other concepts that help with his analogies. These concepts include: essence, existence, freedom, anguish, the other, choice, and nothingness among others.
The definition of being is existence, essentially the opposite of nothingness. Nothing is the negation of the totality of what is. Since there is no such thing as nothingness, there is being in its place. Within being are different levels of consciousness. They are being-in-itself and being-for-itself. The first, being in itself is non-conscious being. It is a state that exists independently of consciousness. The idea of something existing without consciousness is beyond the grasp of the human mind. We as humans can only state that it exists without being able to identify the non-consciousness of it. It is the being of being.
The conscious state of humans is known as being for itself. In other words it is a self-conscious consciousness. Being human I am aware of myself and everything that I do. I am also aware of the emotions I feel and of others. Jean Paul Sartre views feeling these emotions as an attitude or a choice that we make. Consciousness and nothingness are both intentional and self-conscious. Consciousness to be conscious must be aware of itself as not what it is conscious of. For-itself consciousness can also be viewed, as it's past. The present moment is a culmination of all your past choices and events. You can choose to identify with the past and let it suck you into anguish or you can use the past as a stepping stone to a better future. However your actions in the now still do not determine the actions of your future self. The for-itself never coincides with itself, so it is nothingness.
Human consciousness questioning the relationship between the two states of consciousness raises yet another issue: what is the meaning of the questioning attitude? Questioning becomes a way of facing being. Being able to question what is meets its end as an attitude or a way of analyzing and facing being. Simultaneously questioning presents nothingness because without it humans would not be able to question in the first place. It also presents the negative. Humans would not be able to ask questions if there were no nothingness. Negative judgment is possible due to nothingness or non-being. Furthermore, Jean Paul Sartre does not connect judgment with negation. A negative judgment does not reveal nothingness but rather something that was already there. There in the mind, or the past of the one who passes judgment. Negation and negative judgments are a product of the structure of what is real.
Nothingness is a structure of what is, it allows everything to be. Nothingness cannot be realized outside of being or as its own being. Nothingness and non-being create a structure that allows certain things to be. Being supports nothingness and nothingness supports being. Concepts such as distance, change, and absence wouldn't exist without nothingness. You cannot add these things to nothingness because they contain nothingness in themselves. This makes it so they cannot exist outside of being because being itself also supports them. Nothingness and being are like what the soul is to consciousness. They compliment and support each other while existing for each other yet in the same instance are one.
Jean Paul Sartre goes on to uncover the origin of nothingness. Nothingness cannot come from itself because it is nothing in every sense of the word. Therefore, it must come from some sort of being. The being in question is indeed itself. This is possible because nothingness could not be anything other then itself or it would need another being to support it. The being has to be itself in its own nothingness because existing and being as a human or anything else cannot produce non-being. The being that allows nothingness to be is its own nothingness.
My Thoughts on Jean Paul Sartre's analysis:
Although this analysis of being and nothingness can seem complex at first glance, the complexity is reduced with a more traditional understanding of nothingness that meets the same end. I know nothingness as non-existent in this inclusion based universe. Furthermore, there is no such thing as nothingness here. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transmuted. When you place a pot of water over a hot stove the water first bubbles, then steam is produced, which evaporates, condensates and continues the cycle. The water boils, bubbles and steams because of the absence of nothingness.
If you pay attention to nothingness, that is the space between yourself and others/ objects, the empty space that allows everything to be, you will be propelled into the moment. That is the now, the void where the past has no bearing and the future is what you make it. You are pushed into the now, where all things are possible by paying attention to nothingness because you are that nothingness. That is the same conclusion that Jean Paul Sartre has reached in his analysis. He stated that the being from which nothingness comes is its own nothingness. Becoming consciously aware of nothingness makes you that nothingness. In other words there is nothing outside of yourself that is not you!
Sartre's just a crazy guy. If you found value in this post please comment and let me know! Also like or share! Thanks!
by: CDotAmazing
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