Understanding SCADA Systems
Understanding SCADA Systems
Understanding SCADA Systems
? Refining
? Production
? Fabrication
? Manufacturing
? Power generation
? Water treatment and distribution
? Electrical power distribution and transmission
? Wastewater treatment and collection
? Civil defense siren systems
? Gas and oil pipelines
? Large communication systems
? HVAC and energy
? Control and monitor access for ships, airports or other public and private facilities
There are also subsystems present in SCADA Systems. This includes:
? A supervisory systems which acquires all necessary data regarding the process as well as the sending to the process in the form of commands
? The apparatus that present all the processed data to the operator. It grants monitoring and controlling capabilities that is also termed as the HMI or Human-Machine Interface.
? The RTUs or Remote Terminal Units that connects to sensors of the process. It also helps convert sensor signals to digital data and thus sending this data to "supervisory stream".
? A communication infrastructure that connects the RTUs to the supervisory system.
? The PLCs or Programmable Logic Controller which are utilized lie field devices instead of RTUs. This is since PLCs are considered as more configurable, versatile, flexible and economical.
Most industries these days seem to be confused with the differences between SCADA systems and Distributed control systems. In general, SCADA systems do not control real time processes. They just refer to the system coordinating the real time processes. It is only with new telecommunications technology that this is becoming clearer. Thus, with this new technology, it enabled:
? Reliability
? High speed
? Low latency communications
throughout wide ranges. So the difference between SCADA and DCS can just be ignored. This is since they are "culturally determined". When higher capacity communication infrastructures surface and become available, their differences won't mean a thing.
When it comes to the evolution of SCADA systems, it has gone through three generations of change. These are: monolithic, distributed and networked. For the trends in SCADA software and PLC, they are more mixed in nature.
At current, SCADA systems are more in line with standard networking technologies. Old standards are not replaced by Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols. However, due to so-called frame-based network communication technology characteristics, the adoption of Ethernet in special applications have brought about certain issues. Examples would be in environment suitability, synchronization, determinism and protocol selection among others.
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