What do you know about Human Balantidiasis?

What do you know about Human Balantidiasis?

The protozoa, Balantidium Coli is the only infusorial parasite of man, which belongs to the class ciliata and is responsible for human balantidiasis. It has a worldwide distribution and has most commonly been reported in various parts of latin American, the Far East, and New Guinea. but such reports are rare. Incidence is highest in areas of poor hygiene and nutrition and where pigs and man have close contact. How dangerous is it to man?Morphology

The balantidia ranges from 75 to 200 micrometer in length. The parasite has a symmetrical oval body covered with cilia. Its anterior end is more pointed than the posterior end and has a mouth aperture ( cytostome) which leads into a short esophagus. Large cilia arranged close to the cytosome form a peristome which directs food into the esophagus together with a flow of fluid. The posterior end of the body has an anal pore. The balantidia has the macronucleus, the micronucleus and there are two contractile vacuoli. The parasites multiply by horizontal fission. Within the human intestine, the parasite is encysted in a double-layer membrane, losing its covering of cilia. The cysts are from 30 to 60 micrometer in diameter.Transmission

Infection is particularly common in pigs, and are the main source of transmission to man. More than 50% of human cases had contact with pigs. The handling and slaughtering of pigs and the use of pig excrement for fertilizing vegetables favor increase transmission. Person-to-person contact occurs through fecal contamination. Cysts are the infective stage and may remain viable for weeks in moist feces. Excystation occurs in the bowel, and the trophozoites live in the large intestine, where they either remain in the lumen or invade the intestinal mucosa. Encystation occurs either as fecal material being moved down the bowel or after passage of semi-formed stool.Clinical manifestations

Balantidia cause lesions in the colon through the action of its cilia and through the production of lytic hyaluronidase-type enzymes, producing ulcers, abscesses, and colitis characterized by the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. Diarrhea, abdominal colic, nausea, loss of appetite, and loss of weight may occur with heavy infection. Laboratory diagnosis requires the examination of fresh stools. Through the microscope, the vegetative forms and cysts can be seen (seldom). Treatment is done with the administration of metronidazole orally in different concentrations depending on doctor's prescription.Balantidiasis can be prevented by protection of foodstuffs and water from contamination with swine feces and observation of individual hygiene when taking care of the animals responsible (domestic swines).I am Funom Theophilus Makama. I advertise through writing. As a platinum expert Author, I write lots of articles and hence promote interested websites, companies, groups, organizations, and communities through publishing and distributing my articles. For more information on this interesting venture, click on the link belowhttp://funom-makama.blogspot.com/2010/07/advertising-contracts.html

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