What is the Bologna process, the history of its development?
What is the Bologna process, the history of its development
?
The Bologna process was started on the 19th of June 1999 in Bologna (Italy) with signing the document called the "Bologna Declaration" by 29 Ministers of Education on behalf of their governments. The majority of European countries participating in the Bologna Process proclaimed the establishment of a unified European educational and scientific space until 2010 by this act. Common conditions for the recognition of diplomas, for employment and for the mobility of citizens must act within the borders of this space, what should, according to the ideology of the Bologna process, greatly improve the competitiveness of the Eueropean labor market and educational services.
The Bologna Declaration demands the adoption of a common system of comparable degrees. In all the countries which joined the Bologna process it is installed two-cycle study such as 3 +2 (the first Bachelor cycle should last at least three years, and the second Master cycle at least two, in addition, both of them must be accepted in the European labor market as educational and qualification levels). The Integration into the Bologna Process aims to promote European co-operation of universities and to remove barriers of students' and teachers' mobility within the countries of the Bologna process.
Bologna process passed several stages in its development, each of which expanded the range of countries participating in the process and declared the new goals. The next phase of the Bologna Process took place in Prague on the 19th of May 2001, where representatives of 33 countries of Europe have signed the Prague Communiqu. The next stage of the Bologna Process was held in Berlin on the 18-19 of September 2003, where communiqu was also signed, but this time by the representatives of 40 European countries.
The main goals of the Bologna Process:
- building of the European Higher Education Area as a main direction of development of the citizens' mobility with the possibility of employment;
- developing and strengthening of the intellectual, cultural, social, scientific and technical potential of Europe, raising of the prestige of European higher education in the world;
- ensuring of the competitiveness of the European higher education institutions with other education systems in the fight for students, money, influence, achievement of greater compatibility of national higher education systems, improvement of the quality of education;
- increasing of the main role of universities in the development of European cultural values, in which universities are seen as carriers of European consciousness.
Members of the Bologna Process
The countries joined the Bologna process on a voluntary basis through the signing of the declaration. At the same time they take on certain obligations, some of which are restricted by dates:
- to start issuing European single application to a bachelor's degree and master's degrees free for all graduates of the participating countries of the Bologna Process since 2005;
- to reform the national education system in accordance with the basic provisions of the Bologna Declaration up to 2010.
For today the members of the Bologna process and the Declaration "European Higher Education Area" are: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Vatican, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.
The Bologna Process in Ukraine
Starting from Bergen (May 2005), in the higher education system of Ukraine there are introduced the important steps of the implementation of the Bologna process and prepared a plan of action regarding their implementation. National Team of Bologna Promoters in Ukraine was established in 2006, in which experts from leading universities of Ukraine were involved. They participated in training seminars on topical issues of higher education in the European educational space and, accordingly, carry out educational trainings in Ukraine in the following areas:
- assurance of quality higher education;
- education system, consisting of three cycles;
- qualifications system of the European educational space.
In the 2006/2007 academic years credit transfer system ECTS was implemented in all universities in Ukraine of III-IV accreditation levels. The corresponding package of innovation regulatory documents ECTS was prepared, recommendations were developed and institutional arrangements were made to implement the European Diploma Supplement. Fulfillment of this paragraph is obligatory for all countries of the Bologna Process.
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